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The diphthongs containing /ɨ/ occur only in northern dialects; in southern dialects /ʊɨ/ is replaced by /ʊi/ and /ɨu, əɨ~ɛɨ, ɔɨ, a(ː)ɨ/ are merged with /ɪu, əi~ɛi, ɔi, ai/. There is a general tendency in the South to simplify diphthongs in everyday speech , e.g. Northern /ɡwaːɨθ/ corresponding to /ɡwaːθ/ in the South, or ...
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Welsh on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Welsh in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
Welsh is traditionally divided into Northern and Southern dialects. In the north, some diphthongs may be short or long according to regular vowel length rules but in the south they are always short (see Welsh phonology). Southern dialects tend to simplify diphthongs in speech (e.g. gwaith /ɡwaiθ/ is reduced to /ɡwaːθ/).
A 19th-century Welsh alphabet printed in Welsh, without j or rh The earliest samples of written Welsh date from the 6th century and are in the Latin alphabet (see Old Welsh). The orthography differs from that of modern Welsh, particularly in the use of p, t, c to represent the voiced plosives /b, d, ɡ/ non initially.
Watkins, in his chapter on Welsh in The Celtic Languages (ed. Ball, 1993), sets out the diphthongs of Welsh as the following, without even acknowledging [əi əɨ]:
Diphthongs of Welsh English as they are pronounced in Abercrave, from Coupland & Thomas (1990), pp. 135–136 Diphthongs of Welsh English as they are pronounced in Cardiff, from Coupland & Thomas (1990), p. 97. The trap-bath split is variable in Welsh English, especially among social status.
The soft mutation (Welsh: treiglad meddal) is by far the most common mutation in Welsh. When words undergo soft mutation, the general pattern is that unvoiced plosives become voiced plosives, and voiced plosives become fricatives or disappear; some fricatives also change, and the full list is shown in the above table.
The diphthong aw is found in unstressed final syllables in Middle Welsh, while in Modern Welsh it has become o (e.g. Middle Welsh marchawc = Modern Welsh marchog "horseman"). Similarly, the Middle Welsh diphthongs ei and eu have become ai and au in final syllables, e. g. Middle Welsh seith = modern saith "seven", Middle Welsh heul = modern haul ...