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A quine's output is exactly the same as its source code. A quine is a computer program that takes no input and produces a copy of its own source code as its only output. The standard terms for these programs in the computability theory and computer science literature are "self-replicating programs", "self-reproducing programs", and "self-copying programs".
Rule 110 - most questions involving "can property X appear later" are undecidable. The problem of determining whether a quantum mechanical system has a spectral gap. [8] [9] Finding the capacity of an information-stable finite state machine channel. [10] In network coding, determining whether a network is solvable. [11] [12]
"Don't repeat yourself" (DRY), also known as "duplication is evil", is a principle of software development aimed at reducing repetition of information which is likely to change, replacing it with abstractions that are less likely to change, or using data normalization which avoids redundancy in the first place.
In computer programming, duplicate code is a sequence of source code that occurs more than once, either within a program or across different programs owned or maintained by the same entity. Duplicate code is generally considered undesirable for a number of reasons. [ 1 ]
The class of questions where an answer can be verified in polynomial time is "NP", standing for "nondeterministic polynomial time". [Note 1] An answer to the P versus NP question would determine whether problems that can be verified in polynomial time can also be solved in polynomial time.
State-based CRDTs (also called convergent replicated data types, or CvRDTs) are defined by two types, a type for local states and a type for actions on the state, together with three functions: A function to produce an initial state, a merge function of states, and a function to apply an action to update a state.
It states that two instances of similar code do not require refactoring, but when similar code is used three times, it should be extracted into a new procedure. The rule was popularised by Martin Fowler in Refactoring [1] and attributed to Don Roberts. Duplication is considered a bad practice in programming because it makes the code harder to ...
Different models of computation give rise to different reasons that an algorithm may be non-deterministic, and different ways to evaluate its performance or correctness: A concurrent algorithm can perform differently on different runs due to a race condition. This can happen even with a single-threaded algorithm when it interacts with resources ...