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Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests; Red River freshwater swamp forests; South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests; Southern Annamites montane rain forests; Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests; Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests
Vietnam's ethnic mosaic results from the peopling process in which various peoples came and settled the territory, leading to the modern state of Vietnam by many stages, often separated by thousands of years over a duration of tens of thousands of years. Vietnam's entire history, thus, is an embroidery of polyethnicity. [17]
Vietnam – sovereign country located on the eastern extent of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia. [1] It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east. With a population of over 98 million, Vietnam is the 15th most populous country in the world.
The ecoregion consists of an area of plateau and low river basin in Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and Myanmar and includes: . In Thailand the large Khorat Plateau, the higher elevation plains of the Chao Phraya River basin, the foothills of the Tenasserim Hills and other dry areas of the lower slopes of the Khun Tan, Phi Pan Nam and Phetchabun mountain ranges of the north of the country.
The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) divides Indomalayan realm into three bio-regions, which it defines as "geographic clusters of eco-regions that may span several habitat types, but have strong biogeographic affinities, particularly at taxonomic levels higher than the species level (genus, family)".
The Northern Indochina subtropical forests occupy the highlands of northern Indochina, extending from northeastern Vietnam, where they cover the upper portion of the Red River watershed and the northern Annamite Range, across northern Laos, northernmost Thailand, and southeastern Yunnan to Shan State in eastern Myanmar.
The ecoregion stretches from the northeastern corner of Vietnam, across the lower half of southeastern China, and down into coastal Hainan Island. To the north is the watershed of the Pearl River, and to the south is the South China Sea. The terrain is mountainous for the most part, except along the coasts and around the Leizhou Peninsula
The Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests ecoregion (WWF ID: IM0211) covers the low, relatively arid coastal strip of southern Vietnam on the South China Sea. The region is in the rain shadow of the Southern Annamite Range , which blocks humid air from the west.