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DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1. Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4 inhibitors or gliptins) are a class of oral hypoglycemics that block the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). They can be used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2. The first agent of the class – sitagliptin – was approved by the FDA in 2006. [1]
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have also been hypothesized to be efficacious in the treatment of Wolfram syndrome due to their ability to activate GLP 1-R, similar to liraglutide. [40] However, the efficacy and safety of using liraglutide and DPP-4 inhibitors for the treatment of Wolfram syndrome has not been well studied yet.
GLP-1 agonists were initially developed for type 2 diabetes. [7] The 2022 American Diabetes Association (ADA) standards of medical care in diabetes include GLP-1 agonists or SGLT2 inhibitors as a first-line pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes in patients who have or are at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or heart ...
Medications based on incretins are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as the management of obesity.. Most of the earliest incretin-targeting agents to be approved fell into the class of DPP-4 inhibitors; these inhibit DPP-4 and thus prevent the enzymatic degradation of GLP-1 and GIP.
GLP-1 analogs resulted in weight loss and had more gastrointestinal side-effects, while in general dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors were weight-neutral and are associated with increased risk for infection and headache. Both classes appear to present an alternative to other antidiabetic drugs.
Vildagliptin inhibits the inactivation of GLP-1 [2] [3] and GIP [3] by DPP-4, allowing GLP-1 and GIP to potentiate the secretion of insulin in the beta cells and suppress glucagon release by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. The most common side effects include dizziness. [1]
New research also suggests the inhibitors may reduce the risk of dementia in people with type 2 diabetes after longer-term use. Bisphosphonates Bisphosphonates, scoring 11 out of 12, treat ...
Alogliptin, sold under the brand names Nesina and Vipidia, [2] [3] is an oral anti-diabetic drug in the DPP-4 inhibitor (gliptin) class. [4] Like other members of the gliptin class, it causes little or no weight gain, exhibits relatively little risk of hypoglycemia, and has relatively modest glucose-lowering activity. [1]