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  2. Water chlorination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_chlorination

    When dissolved in water, chlorine converts to an equilibrium mixture of chlorine, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and hydrochloric acid (HCl): Cl 2 + H 2 O ⇌ HOCl + HCl. In acidic solution, the major species are Cl 2 and HOCl, whereas in alkaline solution, effectively only ClO − (hypochlorite ion) is present.

  3. Hypochlorous acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypochlorous_acid

    Hypochlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cl O H, also written as HClO, HOCl, or ClHO. [2] [3] Its structure is H−O−Cl.It is an acid that forms when chlorine dissolves in water, and itself partially dissociates, forming a hypochlorite anion, ClO −.

  4. Chlorine cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine_cycle

    Chlorine's ability to completely dissociate in water is also why it is an essential electrolyte in many biological processes. [6] Chlorine, along with phosphorus, is the sixth most common element in organic matter. [1] Cells utilize chloride to balance pH and maintain turgor pressure at equilibrium.

  5. Chlorine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine

    Chlorine, liquefied under a pressure of 7.4 bar at room temperature, displayed in a quartz ampule embedded in acrylic glass Gaseous chlorine stored inside a 500-mL water bottle. It is not recommended to store chlorine in this manner. Solid chlorine at −150 °C. Chlorine is the second halogen, being a nonmetal in

  6. Chlorine-releasing compounds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine-releasing_compounds

    The hypochlorite anion and chlorine are in equilibrium in water; the position of the equilibrium is pH dependent and low pH (acidic) favors chlorine, [11] Cl 2 + H 2 O ⇌ 2H + + Cl − + ClO −. A hypochlorite bleach can react violently with hydrogen peroxide and produce oxygen gas: H 2 O 2 (aq) + NaOCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H 2 O(l) + O 2 (g)

  7. Sodium hypochlorite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hypochlorite

    The second equilibrium equation above will be shifted to the right if the chlorine Cl 2 is allowed to escape as gas. The ratios of Cl 2, HOCl, and OCl − in solution are also pH dependent. At pH below 2, the majority of the chlorine in the solution is in the form of dissolved elemental Cl 2.

  8. Salt water chlorination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_water_chlorination

    Salt water chlorination is a process that uses dissolved salt (1000–4000 ppm or 1–4 g/L) for the chlorination of swimming pools and hot tubs.The chlorine generator (also known as salt cell, salt generator, salt chlorinator, or SWG) uses electrolysis in the presence of dissolved salt to produce chlorine gas or its dissolved forms, hypochlorous acid and sodium hypochlorite, which are already ...

  9. Acid dissociation constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant

    The equilibrium constant for this dissociation reaction is known as a dissociation constant. The liberated proton combines with a water molecule to give a hydronium (or oxonium) ion H 3 O + (naked protons do not exist in solution), and so Arrhenius later proposed that the dissociation should be written as an acid–base reaction:

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