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Trans–New Guinea (TNG) is an extensive family of Papuan languages spoken on the island of New Guinea and neighboring islands, a region corresponding to the country Papua New Guinea as well as parts of Indonesia. Trans–New Guinea is perhaps the third-largest language family in the world by number of languages. The core of the family is ...
The Trans-New Guinea Family according to Malcolm Ross Hotel Room Door Signs in Papua New Guinea. Outside Papua New Guinea, Papuan languages that are also spoken include the languages of Indonesia, East Timor, and Solomon Islands. Below is a full list of Papuan language families spoken in Papua New Guinea, following Palmer, et al. (2018): [13]
The Greater Awyu or Digul River languages, known in earlier classifications with more limited scope as Awyu–Dumut (Awyu–Ndumut), are a family of perhaps a dozen Trans–New Guinea languages spoken in eastern West Papua in the region of the Digul River. Six of the languages are sufficiently attested for a basic description; it is not clear ...
The Central and South New Guinea languages (CSNG) are a proposed family of Trans–New Guinea languages (TNG). They were part of Voorhoeve & McElhanon's original TNG proposal, but have been reduced in scope by half (nine families to four) in the classification of Malcolm Ross. According to Ross, it is not clear if the pronoun similarities ...
The Paniai Lakes languages, also known as the Wissel Lakes or Wissel Lakes – Kemandoga River, are a small family of closely related Trans–New Guinea languages spoken in the Paniai Lakes region of the highlands of Western New Guinea in the Paniai Lakes region of Papua. Foley (2003) considers their Trans–New Guinea status to be established.
The Engan family constitutes a branch of the Trans–New Guinea languages in the classifications of Wurm and of Malcolm Ross, but the evidence for this is weak. Usher links the Engan and Chimbu languages in a Central New Guinea Highlands family. [2] There are a considerable number of resemblances with Wiru. Borrowing has not been ruled out as ...
The Kainantu–Goroka languages are a family of Papuan languages established by Arthur Capell in 1948 under the name East Highlands.They formed the core of Stephen Wurm's 1960 East New Guinea Highlands family (the precursor of Trans–New Guinea), and are one of the larger branches of Trans–New Guinea in the 2005 classification of Malcolm Ross.
The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970), [4] Shaw (1973), [5] and Shaw (1986), [6] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database. [7]The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. ulugib, ulukib, ulĘŚkib for “head”) or not (e.g. dob, helehai, tano for “one”).