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Although people have various individual perspectives on disability, these viewpoints can be categorized into three overarching models of disability—moral, medical, and social (Olkin, 2002). Each model addresses the perceived causes of disability, appropriate responses, and deeper meanings.
The biopsychosocial model is a holistic approach to mental and physical healthcare that considers physical, mental, and environmental factors to improve well-being.
The biopsychosocial model outlined in Engel’s classic Science paper four decades ago emerged from dissatisfaction with the biomedical model of illness, which remains the dominant healthcare model. ...
It is a biopsychosocial model of disability, based on an integration of the social and medical models of disability. As illustrated in Figure 1, disability is multidimensional and interactive. All components of disability are important and any one may interact with another.
The Biopsychosocial Model of disability is an attempt to account for both the social and biomedical models of disability. First conceptualised by George Engel in 1977, it suggests that to understand a person's medical condition it is not simply the biological factors that need to be considered, but also the psychological and social factors [7] .
The ICF, or biopsychosocial model, argues that disability is biological condition but also socially caused in that “disability and functioning are viewed as outcomes of health conditions (diseases, disorders and injuries) and contextual factors” (WHO 2002, p. 10).
Three such have been mentioned so far in this chapter, Sect. 4.2: the social model of disability, which contests attribution of cause of activity limitations to the person rather than to the ill-resourced, socially excluding environment; the model of patient-centred care, which locates the person as patient, their aims and values, at the centre ...
In The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Disease: New philosophical and scientific developments, Derek Bolton and Grant Gillett (2019) present a summary of four decades of scholarship. They conclude that the model has fallen short clinically, scientifically, and philosophically.
This paper describes the social model of disability and then considers how it might deal with chronic disease or impairment and why medical professionals should learn about disability perspectives to improve their practice.
We outline some of the emerging evidence implicating psychosocial as well as biological factors in health and disease, and propose the following solution to the vagueness problem: that the scientific and clinical content of the model relates to specific conditions and stages of conditions, so that there is, for example, a biopsychosocial model ...