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The earliest form of notebook was the wax tablet, which was used as a reusable and portable writing surface in classical antiquity and throughout the Middle Ages. [1]As paper became more readily available in European countries from the 11th century onwards, wax tablets gradually fell out of use, although they remained relatively common in England, which did not possess a commercially ...
Didot invented the word "stereotype", which in printing refers to the metal printing plate created for the actual printing of pages (as opposed to printing pages directly with movable type), and used the process extensively, revolutionizing the book trade by his cheap editions. His manufactory was a place of pilgrimage for the printers of the ...
A flexographic printing plate. Flexography (also called "surface printing"), often abbreviated to "flexo", is a method of printing most commonly used for packaging (labels, tape, bags, boxes, banners, and so on). A flexo print is achieved by creating a mirrored master of the required image as a 3D relief in a rubber or polymer material.
Model of Louis-Nicholas Robert's continuous paper making machine at Frogmore Paper Mill. Following Robert's successful model, built in 1798, Saint-Léger Didot insisted that Robert apply for a patent. Prior to 1798, paper was made one sheet at a time, by dipping a rectangular frame or mould with a screen bottom into a vat of pulp.
It was not realized at the time how unstable wood pulp paper is. A means of removing printing inks from paper, allowing it to be re-used, was invented by German jurist Justus Claproth in 1774. [114] Today this process is called deinking.
The Apsley plant was reconstructed and concentrated on making envelopes, while paper production was transferred to the more modern Croxley Mill. [ 9 ] John Dickinson & Co. Ltd had their own engineering department at Nash Mills until 1888, when it was gradually transferred to Apsley Mill; by 1903 the department was merely a repair shop.
The density of paper ranges from 250 kg/m 3 (16 lb/cu ft) for tissue paper to 1 500 kg/m 3 (94 lb/cu ft) for some specialty paper. Printing paper is about 800 kg/m 3 (50 lb/cu ft). [22] Paper may be classified into seven categories: [23] Printing papers of wide variety. Wrapping papers for the protection of goods and merchandise. This includes ...
The copies were often paper of different colors (e.g., white original for customer, yellow copy for supplier's records, and other colors for subsequent copies). Stationery with carbonless copy paper can be supplied collated either in pads or books bound into sets, or as loose sets, or as continuous stationery for printers designed to use it.