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As Fig. 4 illustrates, traditional notions of geometry dictate that shapes scale predictably according to intuitive and familiar ideas about the space they are contained within, such that, for instance, measuring a line using first one measuring stick, then another 1/3 its size, will give for the second stick a total length 3 times as many ...
The Koch snowflake (also known as the Koch curve, Koch star, or Koch island [1] [2]) is a fractal curve and one of the earliest fractals to have been described. It is based on the Koch curve, which appeared in a 1904 paper titled "On a Continuous Curve Without Tangents, Constructible from Elementary Geometry" [3] by the Swedish mathematician Helge von Koch.
Attracting cycles and Julia sets for parameters in the 1/2, 3/7, 2/5, 1/3, 1/4, and 1/5 bulbs. The change of behavior occurring at is known as a bifurcation: the attracting fixed point "collides" with a repelling period-q cycle.
Application examples you can see in the articles Pentagon with a given side length, Decagon with given circumcircle and Decagon with a given side length. Both of the above displayed different algorithms produce geometric constructions that determine two aligned line segments where the ratio of the longer one to the shorter one is the golden ratio.
Unit fractions can also be expressed using negative exponents, as in 2 −1, which represents 1/2, and 2 −2, which represents 1/(2 2) or 1/4. A dyadic fraction is a common fraction in which the denominator is a power of two , e.g. 1 / 8 = 1 / 2 3 .
The hexagonal packing of circles on a 2-dimensional Euclidean plane. These problems are mathematically distinct from the ideas in the circle packing theorem.The related circle packing problem deals with packing circles, possibly of different sizes, on a surface, for instance the plane or a sphere.
For example, the aspect ratio of a rectangle is the ratio of its longer side to its shorter side—the ratio of width to height, [1] [2] when the rectangle is oriented as a "landscape". The aspect ratio is most often expressed as two integer numbers separated by a colon (x:y), less commonly as a simple or decimal fraction .
For example, a regular pentagram, {5/2}, has 5 sides, and the regular hexagram, {6/2} or 2{3}, has 6 sides divided into two triangles. A regular polygram { p / q } can either be in a set of regular star polygons (for gcd ( p , q ) = 1, q > 1) or in a set of regular polygon compounds (if gcd( p , q ) > 1).