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Devices for communication between computers, such as modems and network cards, typically perform both input and output operations. Any interaction with the system by an interactor is an input and the reaction the system responds is called the output. The designation of a device as either input or output depends on perspective.
Device drivers are software specific to each input/output (I/O) device that enables the operating system to work without modification over different hardware. [103] [104] Another component of file systems is a dictionary that maps a file's name and metadata to the data block where its contents are stored. [105]
Input/output (I/O) scheduling is the method that computer operating systems use to decide in which order I/O operations will be submitted to storage volumes. I/O scheduling is sometimes called disk scheduling .
Unlike the internal bus, the external bus is connected using a bus controller that allows the peripheral system to operate at a different speed from the CPU. [62] Input and output devices are used to receive data from the external world or write data respectively. Common examples include keyboards and mice (input) and displays and printers ...
The operating system is responsible for translating these channel programs before executing them, and for this particular purpose the Input/Output Supervisor (IOS) has a special fast fix function which was designed into the OS Supervisor just for those "fixes" which are of relatively short duration (i.e., significantly shorter than "wall-clock ...
A common computer input device, a keyboard. A user presses a key which transfers information to a computer. In computing, an input device is a piece of equipment used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system, such as a computer or information appliance.
The name originates from the Basic Input/Output System used in the CP/M operating system in 1975. [2] [3] The BIOS firmware was originally proprietary to the IBM PC; it was reverse engineered by some companies (such as Phoenix Technologies) looking to create compatible systems. The interface of that original system serves as a de facto standard.
A computer terminal is an electronic or electromechanical hardware device that can be used for entering data into, and transcribing [1] data from, a computer or a computing system. [2] Most early computers only had a front panel to input or display bits and had to be connected to a terminal to print or input text through a keyboard.