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Rather than a single disease entity, periodontal disease is a combination of multiple disease processes that share a common clinical manifestation. The cause includes both local and systemic factors. The disease consists of a chronic inflammation associated with loss of alveolar bone. Advanced disease features include pus and exudates.
Universal numbering system. This is a dental practitioner view, so tooth number 1, the rear upper tooth on the patient's right, appears on the left of the chart. The Universal Numbering System, sometimes called the "American System", is a dental notation system commonly used in the United States. [1] [2]
Using the periodontal six/four point chart, if more than 30% of sites are involved then a diagnosis of generalised disease is given. If less than 30% of sites are involved, then the type of periodontitis is localized. To complete the diagnosis, the extent of the disease must be assessed.
Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. [5] In its early stage, called gingivitis, the gums become swollen and red and may bleed. [5] It is considered the main cause of tooth loss for adults worldwide.
Definitive treatment is required over multiple dental visits. You also need to improve home care and schedule many more hygiene visits to prevent tooth loss. 7mm and above with bleeding: This is the advanced stage of periodontal disease and will require aggressive treatment. Your dentist might recommend surgery to repair any bone loss.
It is a likely outcome of untreated dental caries (tooth decay), and in such cases it can be considered a sequela in the natural history of tooth decay, irreversible pulpitis and pulpal necrosis. Other causes can include occlusal trauma due to 'high spots' after restoration work, extrusion from the tooth of root filling material, or bacterial ...
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This accumulation of microorganisms subject the teeth and gingival tissues to high concentrations of bacterial metabolites which results in dental disease. If not taken care of, via brushing or flossing, the plaque can turn into tartar (its hardened form) and lead to gingivitis or periodontal disease .