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In biology, Input [1] and output [2] (I&O) is the measure of food and fluids that enter and exit the body. Certain patients with the need are placed on I & O, and if so, their urinary output is measured.
Reflex is an anatomical concept and it refers to a loop consisting, in its simplest form, of a sensory nerve, the input, and a motor nerve, the output. Autonomic does not mean automatic. The term autonomic is an anatomical term and it refers to a type of nervous system in animals and humans that is very primitive.
The name originates from the Basic Input/Output System used in the CP/M operating system in 1975. [2] [3] The BIOS firmware was originally proprietary to the IBM PC; it was reverse engineered by some companies (such as Phoenix Technologies) looking to create compatible systems. The interface of that original system serves as a de facto standard.
Cardiovascular physiology is the study of the cardiovascular system, specifically addressing the physiology of the heart ("cardio") and blood vessels ("vascular"). These subjects are sometimes addressed separately, under the names cardiac physiology and circulatory physiology .
The right side of Fig. 1 shows the input signals also being fed to the basal ganglia circuitry. The output from here, back to the same region, is shown to modify the strength of the input from B, by adding strength to the input from C thereby modifying the strongest signal from B to C. (Thalamic involvement is implicit but not shown).
In computing, input/output (I/O, i/o, or informally io or IO) is the communication between an information processing system, such as a computer, and the outside world, such as another computer system, peripherals, or a human operator. Inputs are the signals or data received by the system and outputs are the signals or data sent from it.
Mammals regulate their core temperature using input from thermoreceptors in the hypothalamus, brain, [18] [29] spinal cord, internal organs, and great veins. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] Apart from the internal regulation of temperature, a process called allostasis can come into play that adjusts behaviour to adapt to the challenge of very hot or cold ...
Human anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry are basic medical sciences, which are generally taught to medical students in their first year at medical school. Human anatomy can be taught regionally or systemically; [ 1 ] that is, respectively, studying anatomy by bodily regions such as the head and chest, or studying by specific systems, such as ...