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The IJsselmeer [a] (Dutch: [ˌɛisəlˈmeːr] ⓘ; West Frisian: Iselmar, Dutch Low Saxon: Iesselmeer), also known as Lake IJssel in English, [3] is a closed-off freshwater lake in the central Netherlands bordering the provinces of Flevoland, North Holland and Friesland.
Map of 1681 showing the extent of the IJ Bay (on the right) prior to reclamation. Note the map is oriented with west at the top. The IJ on the painting The Return to Amsterdam of the Second Expedition to the East Indies (1599) by Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom Parade of ships on the IJ during SAIL Amsterdam in 2015
Enkhuizen is called 'Haringstad' (Herring Town) and was an important fishing port for centuries until the Zuiderzee was closed off in 1932 by the construction of the Afsluitdijk. The fishing grounds were now fresh-water and the fish changed from fish like herring and anchovy to eel , smelt and red perch .
The Afsluitdijk (literally translated: shut-off-dyke) was completed in 1932, thereby shutting off the Zuiderzee (lit: Southern Sea) from the North Sea. [4] Until then, the Zuiderzee had been a large bay south of the North Sea which gave maritime access to five provinces of The Netherlands, and particularly during the Dutch Golden Age provided a protected entrance and exit for the harbour of ...
However, reclamation of three other polders took place first, and preparations for the Markerwaard were being made while draining of the northeast and southeast polders (today's Flevoland) were underway. In 1941 work for this project started; about 2 km (1¼ miles) of a dike north of Marken was built.
Almost all of the land belonging to Flevoland was reclaimed in the 1950s and 1960s [5] while splitting the Markermeer and Bordering lakes from the IJsselmeer. As to dry land, it is the smallest province of the Netherlands at 1,410 km 2 (540 sq mi), but not gross land as that includes much of the waters of the fresh water lakes (meres) mentioned.
The price of Brent Crude, one of the first types of oil extracted from the North Sea is used today as a standard price for comparison for crude oil from the rest of the world. [141] The North Sea contains western Europe's largest oil and natural gas reserves and is one of the world's key non-OPEC producing regions.
Enkhuizen, like Hoorn and Amsterdam, was one of the harbour-towns of the VOC, from where overseas trade with the East Indies was conducted. It received city rights in 1355. On June 24, 1572 during the Eighty Years' War, in Enkhuizen five Franciscans from Alkmaar were hanged: known as the martyrs of Alkmaar.