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This is the subject of study in the field of optomechanics. The weakest waves are generally those that are generated by the radiation pressure acting during the reflection of the light. Such light-pressure-induced elastic waves have for example observed inside an ultrahigh-reflectivity dielectric mirror. [26]
Light pollution is the presence of any unwanted, inappropriate, or excessive artificial lighting. [1] [2] In a descriptive sense, the term light pollution refers to the effects of any poorly implemented lighting sources, during the day or night. Light pollution can be understood not only as a phenomenon resulting from a specific source or kind ...
The Bortle dark-sky scale (usually referred to as simply the Bortle scale) is a nine-level numeric scale that measures the night sky's brightness of a particular location. It quantifies the astronomical observability of celestial objects and the interference caused by light pollution .
Data showed that Earth's artificially lit outdoor surface at night grew by about 2 percent annually in brightness and area from 2012 to 2016.
Atmospheric pollutant concentrations expressed as mass per unit volume of atmospheric air (e.g., mg/m 3, μg/m 3, etc.) at sea level will decrease with increasing altitude because the atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude. The change of atmospheric pressure with altitude can be obtained from this equation: [2]
Figures 1 and 2 in A Preliminary communication on the pressure of heat and light radiation, Phys. Rev. 13, 307-320 (1901).. A Nichols radiometer was the apparatus used by Ernest Fox Nichols and Gordon Ferrie Hull in 1901 for the measurement of radiation pressure.
The current versions has only one band of observation, that can produce misinterpretations if the light pollution changes from sodium-vapor lamp to LED. [ 8 ] The SQM-L, or "Sky Quality Meter - L," is a model with an additional integrated lens, offering a narrower measurement range of 20° compared to the 84° range of the standard SQM model.
The eye facets of Platycnemis pennipes collect light directly or incidentally. That gives environmental information to the insect. Polarization is a property of light waves that describes the orientation of their oscillations. Polarized light pollution [1] is a subset of the various forms of light pollution referring specifically to polarized ...