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  2. Peremptory challenge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peremptory_challenge

    In law, the right of peremptory challenge is a right in jury selection for the attorneys to reject a certain number of potential jurors without stating a reason. Other potential jurors may be challenged for cause, i.e. by giving a good reason why they might be unable to reach a fair verdict, but the challenge will be considered by the presiding judge and may be denied.

  3. Struck jury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struck_jury

    A struck jury is a multi-step process of selecting a jury from a pool. First potential jurors are eliminated for hardship. Second jurors are eliminated for cause by conducting voir dire until there is a pool available that is exactly the size of the final jury (including required alternates) plus the number of peremptory challenges available to each side.

  4. Batson v. Kentucky - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batson_v._Kentucky

    Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986), was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court ruling that a prosecutor's use of a peremptory challenge in a criminal case—the dismissal of jurors without stating a valid cause for doing so—may not be used to exclude jurors based solely on their race.

  5. Georgia v. McCollum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_v._McCollum

    [5] Just as he is a state actor in the context of personnel decisions like hiring and firing attorneys in his office, a public defender is a state actor in the context of peremptory challenges. Like in Edmonson, Blackmun found that race-based peremptory challenges by the defendant violate the Equal Protection Clause and are therefore ...

  6. Rivera v. Illinois - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivera_v._Illinois

    The judge deemed the challenge to be based on discriminatory factors and allowed the juror to be seated. Rivera appealed, arguing that the trial judge erred in dismissing the peremptory challenge. The Illinois Supreme Court remanded the case for the trial court to explain why the peremptory challenge in question was discriminatory. The trial ...

  7. Peremptory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peremptory

    Peremptory can refer to any of the following concepts in law: Peremptory challenge; Peremptory norm; Peremptory plea

  8. Newton's laws of motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_laws_of_motion

    Newton's laws are often stated in terms of point or particle masses, that is, bodies whose volume is negligible. This is a reasonable approximation for real bodies when the motion of internal parts can be neglected, and when the separation between bodies is much larger than the size of each.

  9. J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B. - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.E.B._v._Alabama_ex_rel._T.B.

    J. E. B. v. Alabama ex rel. T. B., 511 U.S. 127 (1994), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States holding that peremptory challenges based solely on a prospective juror's sex are unconstitutional. [1] J.E.B. extended the court's existing precedent in Batson v.