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The Far North is known for its extremely harsh climate. People who work there, other than the inmates of labor camps that constituted the Gulag system of the Soviet Union and the inmates of corrective labor colonies in present-day Russia, receive an extra grade of payment, referred to as the "Northern Bonus" (severnye nadbavki Russian: северные надбавки).
Northwest Russia, or the Russian North is the northern part of western Russia. It is bounded by Norway, Finland, the Arctic Ocean, the Ural Mountains and the east-flowing part of the Volga . The area is roughly coterminous with the Northwestern Federal District , which it is administered as part of.
Most of Northwest Russia and Siberia has a subarctic climate, with extremely severe winters in the inner regions of Northeast Siberia (mostly Sakha, where the Northern Pole of Cold is located with the record low temperature of −71.2 °C or −96.2 °F), [30] and more moderate winters elsewhere.
Novaya Zemlya is an extension of the northern part of the Ural Mountains, [39] and the interior is mountainous throughout. [5] It is separated from the mainland by the Kara Strait . [ 5 ] Novaya Zemlya consists of two major islands, separated by the narrow Matochkin Strait , as well as a number of smaller islands.
North Asia or Northern Asia is the northern region of Asia, which is defined in geographical terms and consists of three federal districts of Russia: Ural, Siberian, and the Far Eastern. The region forms the bulk of the Asian part of Russia .
Map of the Kola Peninsula and adjacent seas. From the Dutch Novus Atlas (1635). Cartographer: Willem Janszoon Blaeu The Kola Peninsula (Russian: Ко́льский полуо́стров, romanized: Kólʹskij poluóstrov, Kolsky poluostrov; Kildin Sami: Куэлнэгк нёа̄ррк) is a peninsula located mostly in northwest Russia and partly in Finland and Norway.
The first ample geographic survey of the Ural Mountains was completed in the early 18th century by the Russian historian and geographer Vasily Tatishchev under the orders of Peter I. Earlier, in the 17th century, rich ore deposits were discovered in the mountains and their systematic extraction began in the early 18th century, eventually ...
Northern Thebaid is the poetic name of the northern Russian lands surrounding Vologda and Belozersk, appeared as a comparison with the Egyptian area Thebaid - well-known settling place of early Christian monks and hermits. Most of the Russian North territories never had serfdom, at least the way it existed in central Russian agricultural regions.