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Other types of discrimination like graphesthesia and spatial discrimination also exist but are not as extensively researched. [3] Tactile discrimination is something that can be stronger or weaker in different people and two major conditions, chronic pain and blindness, can affect it greatly.
Graphesthesia can be considered as a type of synthetic sensation as it involves a complex interaction between three neural components i.e. Tactile sensation, two point discrimination and cortical component that stores infirmation about the symbol/letter that is being traced in the skin and was learned through some previous experience.
Studies also show that patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and their immediate relatives have a decreased ability to perform graphesthesia tasks in comparison to people without relatives diagnosed with schizophrenia. Therefore, researchers have suggested that somatosensory dysfunction in the parietal cortex is a potential cause of ...
[3] [4] Chronic pain is considered a syndrome because of the associated symptoms that develop in those experiencing this disorder. [5] Chronic pain affects approximately 20% of people worldwide and accounts for 15–20% of visits to a physician. [3] Pain can be categorized according to its location, cause, or the anatomical system which it affects.
The dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway (DCML) (also known as the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway (PCML) is the major sensory pathway of the central nervous system that conveys sensations of fine touch, vibration, two-point discrimination, and proprioception (body position) from the skin and joints.
A deficit known as cortical astereognosis of the receptive type describes an inability to make use of tactile sensory information for identifying objects placed in the hand. For example, if this type of injury effects the hand region in the primary somatosensory cortex for one cerebral hemisphere, a patient with closed eyes cannot perceive the ...
The intensity of pain reported is consistently reduced in response to touch. [5] [6] [7] This occurs whether the touch is at the same time as the pain, or even if the touch occurs before the pain. [8] Touch also reduces the activation of cortical areas that respond to painful stimuli. [9]
A neurological examination is the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses, especially reflexes, to determine whether the nervous system is impaired. This typically includes a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history, [1] but not deeper investigation such as neuroimaging.