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The canon law of the Catholic Church has all the ordinary elements of a mature legal system: laws, courts, lawyers, judges. [38] The canon law of the Latin Church was the first modern Western legal system, [39] and is the oldest continuously functioning legal system in the West.
Canon law (from Ancient Greek: κανών, kanon, a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (church leadership) for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members.
The canon law of the Catholic Church is articulated in the legal code for the Latin Church [9] as well as a code for the Eastern Catholic Churches. [9] This canon law has principles of legal interpretation, [10] and coercive penalties. [11] It lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions.
The history of Byzantine and Eastern canon law to 1500. History of Medieval canon law, 4. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press. ISBN 978-0-8132-1947-9. OCLC 815276580. Ponomariov, Alexander (2017). The visible religion: the Russian Orthodox Church and her relations with state and society in post-Soviet Canon law (1992-2015 ...
Bishop Hilarion Alfeyev, of the Russian Orthodox Church, asserts that: [t]he model of church organization that was formed during the first three centuries of Christianity was based on the principle of "one city-one bishop-one Church", which foresaw the assignment of a certain ecclesiastical territory to one concrete bishop."
Most of the positive and penal civil law—in contrast to canon law with civil effects—is based on the Italian code from 1889. It was outdated in many ways. This was amended in a major fashion in 2013 to include a number of United Nations Conventions the state has signed over the years, as well as bringing it up to date.
In canon law, a canon designates some law promulgated by a synod, an ecumenical council, or an individual bishop. [ 2 ] The word "canon" comes from the Greek kanon , which in its original usage denoted a straight rod that was later the instrument used by architects and artificers as a measuring stick for making straight lines.
Catholic canon law is the set of rules and principles (laws) by which the Catholic Church is governed, through enforcement by governmental authorities. [ clarification needed ] [ citation needed ] Law is also the field which concerns the creation and administration of laws.