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  2. Amino acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid

    Amino acids with the structure NH + 3 −CXY−CXY−CO − 2, such as β-alanine, a component of carnosine and a few other peptides, are β-amino acids. Ones with the structure NH + 3 −CXY−CXY−CXY−CO − 2 are γ-amino acids, and so on, where X and Y are two substituents (one of which is normally H). [7]

  3. DNA and RNA codon tables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_and_RNA_codon_tables

    A codon table can be used to translate a genetic code into a sequence of amino acids. [1] [2] The standard genetic code is traditionally represented as an RNA codon table, because when proteins are made in a cell by ribosomes, it is messenger RNA (mRNA) that directs protein synthesis. [2] [3] The mRNA sequence is determined by the sequence of ...

  4. Protein primary structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_primary_structure

    Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein. [1] By convention, the primary structure of a protein is reported starting from the amino-terminal (N) end to the carboxyl-terminal (C) end. Protein biosynthesis is most commonly performed by ribosomes in cells. Peptides can also be synthesized in the ...

  5. Protein structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_structure

    Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule. Proteins are polymers – specifically polypeptides – formed from sequences of amino acids, which are the monomers of the polymer. A single amino acid monomer may also be called a residue, which indicates a

  6. File : Common Periodic Table of Codons & Amino Acids.jpg

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Common_Periodic_Table...

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  7. Alanine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanine

    Dominant secondary structures in life as we know it are α-helices and β-sheets and most canonical amino acids can be regarded as chemical derivatives of alanine. Therefore, most canonical amino acids in proteins can be exchanged with alanine by point mutations while the secondary structure remains intact.

  8. List of amino acids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_amino_acids

    Amino acids are listed by type: Proteinogenic amino acid; Non-proteinogenic amino acids This page was last edited on 5 January 2020, at 17:16 (UTC). Text is ...

  9. Protein secondary structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_secondary_structure

    Amino acids vary in their ability to form the various secondary structure elements. Proline and glycine are sometimes known as "helix breakers" because they disrupt the regularity of the α helical backbone conformation; however, both have unusual conformational abilities and are commonly found in turns .