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The reaction quotient plays a crucial role in understanding the direction and extent of a chemical reaction's progress towards equilibrium: Equilibrium condition: At equilibrium, the reaction quotient (Q) is equal to the equilibrium constant (K) for the reaction. This condition is represented as Q = K, indicating that the forward and reverse ...
The explosion of the Ivy Mike hydrogen bomb. The hydrogen bomb was the first device able to achieve fusion energy gain factor significantly larger than 1.. A fusion energy gain factor, usually expressed with the symbol Q, is the ratio of fusion power produced in a nuclear fusion reactor to the power required to maintain the plasma in steady state.
The genotype frequencies at equilibrium are p and q for the heterogametic sex but p 2, 2pq and q 2 for the homogametic sex. For example, in humans red–green colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait.
At equilibrium, the chemical force driving the forward reaction must be equal to the chemical force driving the reverse reaction. Writing the initial active masses of A,B, A' and B' as p, q, p' and q' and the dissociated active mass at equilibrium as , this equality is represented by
a thermodynamic equilibrium constant, denoted by , is defined to be the value of the reaction quotient Q t when forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate. At chemical equilibrium , the chemical composition of the mixture does not change with time, and the Gibbs free energy change Δ G {\displaystyle \Delta G} for the reaction is zero.
Many host–guest complexes has 1:1 stoichiometry, but many others have more complex structures. The general equilibrium can be written as p A + q B ⇌ A p B q. The study of these complexes is important for supramolecular chemistry [24] [25] and molecular recognition.
The Q factor is a parameter that describes the resonance behavior of an underdamped harmonic oscillator (resonator). Sinusoidally driven resonators having higher Q factors resonate with greater amplitudes (at the resonant frequency) but have a smaller range of frequencies around that frequency for which they resonate; the range of frequencies for which the oscillator resonates is called the ...
By this definition, a saturated liquid has q = 0. A saturated vapor has q = 1. [3] An alternative definition is the 'equilibrium thermodynamic quality'. It can be used only for single-component mixtures (e.g. water with steam), and can take values < 0 (for sub-cooled fluids) and > 1 (for super-heated vapors):