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A political cartoon from the early nineteenth century illustrating the working conditions of children. Child labour brought down adult wages due to competition and brought no net benefit to working class families. [6] Child labourers never had more than three years of schooling. [2]
State-level rollbacks to child labor protections show the need for a constitutional amendment introduced 100 years ago.
Child labor in the United States was a common phenomenon across the economy in the 19th century. Outside agriculture, it gradually declined in the early 20th century, except in the South which added children in textile and other industries. Child labor remained common in the agricultural sector until compulsory school laws were enacted by the ...
Child labour existed before the Industrial Revolution, but with the increase in population and education it became more visible. Many children were forced to work in relatively bad conditions for much lower pay than their elders, [ 168 ] 10–20% of an adult male's wage.
Many factors played a role in Britain's long-term economic growth, such as the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s and the prominent presence of child labour during the industrial age. [95] Children who worked at an early age were often not forced; but did so because they needed to help their family survive financially.
The Health and Morals of Apprentices Act 1802 (42 Geo. 3.c. 73) was introduced by Sir Robert Peel; it addressed concerns felt by the medical men of Manchester about the health and welfare of children employed in cotton mills, and first expressed by them in 1784 in a report on an outbreak of 'putrid fever' at a mill at Radcliffe owned by Peel.
One early history of factory legislation described the testimony presented in Sadler's report as "one of the most valuable collections of evidence on industrial conditions that we possess" [6] and excerpts from the testimony are given in many source books on the Industrial Revolution and factory reform and on multiple websites, together with commentary drawing the intended conclusions.
Hindman, Hugh D. Child Labor: An American History (2002) Humphries, Jane. Childhood and Child Labour in the British Industrial Revolution (Cambridge Studies in Economic History) (2011) excerpt and text search; Kirby, Peter. Child Labour in Britain, 1750–1870 (2003) excerpt and text search; Mofford, Juliet. Child Labor in America (1970) Tuttle ...