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Cataphract-style parade armour of a Saka royal, also known as "The Golden Warrior", from the Issyk kurgan, a historical burial site near Almaty, Kazakhstan. Circa 400–200 BC. [5] [6] The Saka [a] were a group of nomadic Eastern Iranian peoples who lived in the Eurasian Steppe and the Tarim Basin from the 9th century BC to the 5th century AD.
The first Saka king of India was Maues/Moga (1st century BCE) who established Saka power in Gandhara. The Indo-Scythians extended their supremacy over north-western subcontinent, conquering the Indo-Greeks and other local kingdoms. [2] The Indo-Scythians were apparently subjugated by the Kushan Empire, by either Kujula Kadphises or Kanishka.
The power of the Saka rulers began to decline during the 2nd century CE after the Indo-Scythians were defeated by the Satavahana emperor Gautamiputra Satakarni. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Indo-Scythian rule in the northwestern subcontinent ended when the last Western Satrap, Rudrasimha III , was defeated by the Gupta emperor Chandragupta II in 395 CE.
The Scythians (/ ˈ s ɪ θ i ə n / or / ˈ s ɪ ð i ə n /) or Scyths (/ ˈ s ɪ θ /, but note Scytho-(/ ˈ s aɪ θ ʊ /) in composition) and sometimes also referred to as the Pontic Scythians, [7] [8] were an ancient Eastern Iranic equestrian nomadic people who had migrated during the 9th to 8th centuries BC from Central Asia to the ...
The reason why the Derbices, and not the Massagetae, are named as the people against whom Cyrus died fighting is because the Derbices were members or identical with the Massagetae. [ 44 ] [ 27 ] [ 2 ] [ 45 ] According to Strabo , Cyrus died fighting against the Saka (of which the Massagetae were a group), and according to Quintus Curtius Rufus ...
Scythians, also called Scyth, Saka, and Sacae, member of a nomadic people, originally of Iranian stock, [3] known from as early as the 9th century BC who migrated westward from Central Asia to southern Russia and Ukraine in the 8th and 7th centuries BC. They were living primarily in the region known as Scythia.
In 519 BC, Darius I of Achaemenids attacked the Saka tribe and captured their king. His capture is depicted in the relief sculpture of Behistun Inscription, last in a row of defeated "lying kings". [4] After his defeat, Darius replaced him with the chief of another tribe. [5]
Pahlavas are referenced in various Puranic texts such as Vayu Purana, the Brahmanda Purana, the Markandeya Purana, the Matsya Purana, and the Vamana Purana.. Kirfel's list of Uttarapatha countries of the Bhuvanakosha locates the Pahlavas along with the Tocharians (or Tusharas), Chinas, Angalaukikas, Barbaras, Kambojas, Daradas, Bahlikas and other countries of the "Udichya" (Sanskrit: "northern ...