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Two distinct drug classes in which cardiotoxicity can occur are in anti-cancer and antiarrhythmic drugs. Anti-cancer drug classes that cause cardiotoxicity include anthracyclines, monoclonal antibodies, and antimetabolites. This form generally manifests as a progressive form of heart failure, but can also manifest as an harmful arrhythmia. [2]
Cardiotoxicity is the occurrence of heart dysfunction as electric or muscle damage, resulting in heart toxicity. [1] This can cause heart failure, arrhythmia, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy in patients. [2] Some effects are reversible, while in others, permanent damage requiring further treatment may arise.
[19] [20] Globally, Chagas disease is the leading cause of myocarditis, which results from infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. [12] Bacteria can also result in myocarditis, although it is rare in patients with normal heart function and without a preexisting immunodeficiency. [18] [21] A list of the most relevant infectious organisms ...
Dilated cardiomyopathy in humans can be caused by multiple factors including hereditary defects in the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients). A heart that undergoes dilated cardiomyopathy shows unique enlargement of ventricles, and thinning of the ventricular wall that may lead to heart failure.
The first stage of eosinophilic myocarditis involves acute inflammation and cardiac cell necrosis (i.e. areas of dead cells); it is dominated by symptoms characterized as the acute coronary syndrome such as angina, heart attack and/or congestive heart failure.
There are different types of heart failure; left- or right-sided (or bilateral) heart failure may occur depending on the affected part of the heart, and it is a low-output type of failure. If one of the heart valves is affected, this may cause dysfunction, such as mitral regurgitation in the case of left-sided coronary occlusion that disrupts ...
[13] [14] Non-genetic cardiomyopathies can have definitive causes such as viral infections, myocarditis and others. [15] [16] Cardiomyopathies are either confined to the heart or are part of a generalized systemic disorder, both often leading to cardiovascular death or progressive heart failure-related disability.
Myocarditis-myositis-myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome (IM3OS) is a rare immune-related adverse event primarily associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These ICIs, which have been incorporated into the treatment of various malignancies , function by activating the immune system to detect and attack cancer cells .
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