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Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Geißler (26 May 1814 in Igelshieb – 24 January 1879) was a skilled glassblower and physicist, famous for his invention of the hand pumped Geissler mercury vacuum pump in the mid-1850's and in 1857, the Geissler tube, made of glass and used as a low pressure gas-discharge tube; these two inventions were critical ...
Crookes tubes evolved from the earlier Geissler tubes invented by the German physicist and glassblower Heinrich Geissler in 1857, experimental tubes which are similar to modern neon tube lights. Geissler tubes had only a low vacuum, around 10 −3 atm (100 Pa), [6] and the electrons in them could only travel a short distance before hitting a ...
Drawing of Geissler tubes illuminated by their own light, from 1868 French physics book, showing some of the many decorative shapes and colors Modern recreation of a Geissler tube in a museum A Geissler tube is a precursor to modern gas discharge tubes , demonstrating the principles of electrical glow discharge , akin to contemporary neon ...
Heinrich Göbel: Inventor of Hemmer for Sewing Machines, 1865, [6] Vacuum Pump (Improvement of the Geissler-System of vacuum pumps, 1881 [7] and Electric Incandescent Lamp (sockets to connect the filament of carbon and the conducting wires), 1882 [8] Kurt Gödel: Important discoveries in math and logic, such as the incompleteness theorems
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz's work in the domain of electromagnetic radiation was pivotal to the development of modern telecommunication. [9] Karl Ferdinand Braun invented the phased array antenna in 1905, [ 10 ] which led to the development of radar , smart antennas and MIMO , and shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Guglielmo Marconi "for ...
In 1857, German physicist and glassblower Heinrich Geissler sucked even more air out with an improved pump, to a pressure of around 10 −3 atm and found that, instead of an arc, a glow filled the tube.
March 14 – Albert Einstein (died 1955), German-born physicist and winner of the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics. May 28 – Milutin Milanković (died 1958), Serbian geophysicist. June 3 – Raymond Pearl (died 1940), American biologist. August 29 – May Smith (died 1968), English experimental psychologist.
Heinrich Geissler invented the mercury displacement pump in 1855 [10] and achieved a record vacuum of about 10 Pa (0.1 Torr). A number of electrical properties become observable at this vacuum level, and this renewed interest in vacuum. This, in turn, led to the development of the vacuum tube. [11]