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Memory cells that use fewer than four transistors are possible; however, such 3T [27] [28] or 1T cells are DRAM, not SRAM (even the so-called 1T-SRAM). Access to the cell is enabled by the word line (WL in figure) which controls the two access transistors M 5 and M 6 in 6T SRAM figure (or M 3 and M 4 in 4T SRAM figure) which, in turn, control ...
SRAM typically has six-transistor cells, whereas DRAM (dynamic random-access memory) typically has single-transistor cells. [ 17 ] [ 15 ] In 1965, Toshiba 's Toscal BC-1411 electronic calculator used a form of capacitive bipolar DRAM, storing 180-bit data on discrete memory cells, consisting of germanium bipolar transistors and capacitors.
It is used in a few game consoles such as the Wii. SRAM (Static random-access memory) – This stores each bit of data in a circuit called a flip-flop, made of 4 to 6 transistors. SRAM is less dense and more expensive per bit than DRAM, but faster and does not require memory refresh. It is used for smaller cache memories in computers.
SRAM consists of a series of transistors arranged in a flip-flop, which will hold one of two states as long as power is applied. Since the transistors have a very low power requirement, their switching time is very low. However, since an SRAM cell consists of several transistors, typically four or six, its density is much lower than DRAM.
Commercial use of SRAM began in 1965, when IBM introduced the SP95 memory chip for the System/360 Model 95. [ 11 ] Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) allowed replacement of a 4 or 6-transistor latch circuit by a single transistor for each memory bit, greatly increasing memory density at the cost of volatility.
In 1966, Dr. Robert Dennard invented modern DRAM architecture in which there's a single MOS transistor per capacitor, [11] at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, while he was working on MOS memory and was trying to create an alternative to SRAM which required six MOS transistors for each bit of data. While examining the characteristics of ...
SRAM is used for CPU cache. SRAM is also found in small embedded systems requiring little memory. SRAM retains its contents as long as the power is connected and may use a simpler interface, but commonly uses six transistors per bit. Dynamic RAM is more complicated for interfacing and control, needing regular refresh cycles to prevent losing ...
Static random-access memory (SRAM) is electronic memory that does not require refreshing. [2] An SRAM memory cell requires four to six transistors, compared to a single transistor and a capacitor for DRAM; therefore, SRAM circuits require more area on a chip. As a result, data density is much lower in SRAM chips than in DRAM, and gives SRAM a ...