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3-Fluoromethcathinone (also known as 3-FMC) is a chemical compound of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and cathinone classes that has been sold online as a designer drug. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a structural isomer of flephedrone (4-fluoromethcathinone).
The drug has an EC 50 Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration for dopamine release of 48.7 nM and induces 85% release of norepinephrine at a concentration of 10 μM. [4]
3-Methylmethcathinone (3-MMC), also known as metaphedrone, [4] is a designer drug from the substituted cathinone family. 3-MMC is a monoamine transporter substrate (a substance acted upon by monoamine transporters) that potently releases and inhibits the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, as well as displaying moderate serotonin releasing activity.
3-Methoxymethcathinone (3-MeOMC), also known as meta-methoxymethcathinone (m-MeOMC), is a designer drug of the substituted cathinone family described as a stimulant. [ 3 ] [ 2 ] [ 1 ] Similarly to other cathinones, it acts as a monoamine releasing agent , including of serotonin , dopamine , and norepinephrine .
Cathinones, including 3-CMC, can be synthesized via various routes. The simplest approach of the synthesis of ring-substituted cathinones is a 2-step bromination-animation reaction. The first step is to produce 2-bromo-3-chloropropiophenone by the bromination of 3-chloro-propiophenone at the alpha-position under acidic or basic conditions.
3-Fluoro-α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone (3F-PVP) is a recreational designer drug from the substituted cathinone family with stimulant effects, which first appeared on the illicit market in around 2018. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is illegal in Finland.
It acts as a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, [1] [2] but acts more like an antidepressant than a stimulant. [3] Halogenated cathinones , including 4-BMC, possess neurotoxic and cytotoxic properties.
3,4-Dimethylmethcathinone (3,4-DMMC) is a stimulant drug first reported in 2010 as a designer drug analogue of mephedrone, apparently produced in response to the banning of mephedrone, following its widespread abuse in many countries in Europe and around the world. [1] 3,4-DMMC has been seized as a designer drug in Australia. [2]