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A simplified version of the Rabi method consists of a beam of atoms, all having the same speed and the same direction, sent through one interaction zone of length .The atoms are two-level atoms with a transition energy of (this is defined by applying a field ‖ in an excitation direction ^, and thus = | ‖ |, the Larmor frequency), and with an interaction time of = / in the interaction zone.
In quantum mechanics, the zitterbewegung term vanishes on taking expectation values for wave-packets that are made up entirely of positive- (or entirely of negative-) energy waves. The standard relativistic velocity can be recovered by taking a Foldy–Wouthuysen transformation, when the positive and negative components are decoupled. Thus, we ...
These surface waves are basically Faraday waves and one can observe the splashing effect characteristic of certain resonances. [6] [7] This effect can also be used for mixing two liquids acoustically. Faraday waves form on the interface between the two liquids, which increases the surface area between the two, rapidly and thoroughly mixing the ...
The phase velocity is the rate at which the phase of the wave propagates in space. The group velocity is the rate at which the wave envelope, i.e. the changes in amplitude, propagates. The wave envelope is the profile of the wave amplitudes; all transverse displacements are bound by the envelope profile.
The RKKY interaction is a long-range interaction between magnetic moments in a metal. The energy oscillates with distance, decaying as .The oscillations are caused by the interaction of the magnetic moments with the conduction electrons in the metal.
The transformation that allows this model to be solved exactly (at least in the N → ∞ limit) is as follows: . Define the "order" parameters r and ψ as = =. Here r represents the phase-coherence of the population of oscillators and ψ indicates the average phase.
In physics, the exciton–polariton is a type of polariton; a hybrid light and matter quasiparticle arising from the strong coupling of the electromagnetic dipolar oscillations of excitons (either in bulk or quantum wells) and photons. [1]
Oscillation is the repetitive or periodic variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between two or more different states. Familiar examples of oscillation include a swinging pendulum and alternating current. Oscillations can be used in physics to approximate complex interactions, such ...