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It is the most aggressive of the jackals, being known to attack animal prey many times its own weight, and it has more quarrelsome intrapack relationships. [14] Southern Africa and eastern coast of Kenya, Somalia, and Ethiopia: Side-striped jackal Lupulella adustus: Sundevall, 1847 It primarily resides in wooded areas, unlike other jackal species.
The black-backed jackal (Lupulella mesomelas), [3] [4] [5] also called the silver-backed jackal, is a medium-sized canine native to eastern and southern Africa. These regions are separated by roughly 900 kilometers.
The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, such as the promotion of the African golden wolf to a separate species from the golden jackal, and splitting out the Lupulella genus from Canis ...
The African wolf was previously classified as an African variant of the golden jackal, though a series of analyses on the species' mitochondrial DNA and nuclear genome in 2015 demonstrated that it is a distinct species more closely related to the gray wolf and coyote.
The Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis), [4] also called the red jackal, the Simien jackal or Simien fox, is a canine native to the Ethiopian Highlands. In southeastern Ethiopia, it is also known as the horse jackal. It is similar to the coyote in size and build, and is distinguished by its long and narrow skull, and its red and white fur. [5]
Lupulella is a genus [2] [3] [4] of canine found in Africa. [5] This genus consists of only two extant species, the black-backed jackal ( Lupulella mesomelas ) and the side-striped jackal ( Lupulella adusta ).
The side-striped jackal tends to be less carnivorous than other jackal species, and is a highly adaptable omnivore whose dietary preferences change in accordance to seasonal and local variation. [18] It tends to forage solitarily, though family groups of up to 12 jackals have been observed to feed together in western Zimbabwe.
Its anatomy and morphology relate it more to the modern golden jackal than to the two African jackal species, [20] [21] the black-backed jackal and the side-striped jackal. [20] The oldest golden jackal fossil was found at the Ksar Akil rock shelter located 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Beirut, Lebanon.