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The viola's four strings are normally tuned in fifths: the lowest string is C (an octave below middle C), with G, D, and A above it. This tuning is exactly one fifth below the violin, [ 12 ] so that they have three strings in common—G, D, and A—and is one octave above the cello.
Cello – C 2 G 2 D 3 A 3 (an octave lower than the viola) Double bass – E 1 A 1 D 2 G 2 (ascending perfect fourths, where the highest sounding open string coincides with the G on a cello). Double bass with a low C extension – C 1 E 1 A 1 D 2 G 2 (the same, except for low C, which is a major third below the low E on a standard 4-string ...
The music fully pauses for the violins to re-tune before continuing. Haydn also uses a violin with the lowest string tuned to F in the trio of his Symphony No. 67 in F. Niccolò Paganini's Violin Concerto No. 1 initially required the strings of the solo violin to be tuned a semitone higher to match the original key of E ♭ major.
The playing ranges of the instruments in the violin family overlap each other, but the tone quality and physical size of each distinguishes them from one another. The ranges are as follows: violin: G 3 to E 7 (practical, notes up to A7 are possible); viola: C 3 to A 6 (conservative); violoncello: C 2 to A 5 (conservative); and double-bass: E 1 to C 5 (slightly expanded from conservative estimate).
Essentially a 4-string bass with one added high or low string. Choice of tuning depends whether the added string is low or high. Guitar, bass (6-string) 6 strings 6 courses. Standard/common: B 0 E 1 A 1 D 2 G 2 C 3. Alternate: E 1 A 1 D 2 G 2 B 2 E 3. Bass, electric bass, 6-string bass, contrabass guitar Essentially a 4-string bass with either ...
In practice, this means some compromises must be made, and the strings are not always tuned in perfect fifths, particularly on the viola and cello, where the lowest string is the C, three-fifths away from the reference A, making the difference more apparent. Small, temporary tuning adjustments can also be made by stretching a string with the hand.
In music, the term open string refers to the fundamental note of the unstopped, full string. The strings of a guitar are normally tuned to fourths (excepting the G and B strings in standard tuning, which are tuned to a third), as are the strings of the bass guitar and double bass. Violin, viola, and cello strings are tuned to fifths.
The first violins are led by the concertmaster (leader in the UK); each of the other string sections also has a principal player (principal second violin, principal viola, principal cello, and principal bass) who play the orchestral solos for the section, lead entrances and, in some cases, determine the bowings for the section (the ...
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