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Prevention through design (PtD), also called safety by design usually in Europe, is the concept of applying methods to minimize occupational hazards early in the design process, with an emphasis on optimizing employee health and safety throughout the life cycle of materials and processes. [1]
When adding equipment is impractical (usually because of expense), then the least expensive form of design is often "inherently fail-safe". That is, change the system design so its failure modes are not catastrophic. Inherent fail-safes are common in medical equipment, traffic and railway signals, communications equipment, and safety equipment.
The Safety Board also recommended that the FAA should specify typography criteria for checklists for commercial operators. Researchers found problems with both the physical design and social issues associated with the use of checklists which degrades effective use. Two documents were produced by NASA, Degani, Asaf; Wiener, Earl L. (May 1990 ...
A job safety analysis (JSA) is a procedure that helps integrate accepted safety and health principles and practices into a particular task or job operation.The goal of a JSA is to identify potential hazards of a specific role and recommend procedures to control or prevent these hazards.
It is one of the elements of OSHA's program for Process Safety Management. There are several methodologies that can be used to conduct a PHA, including checklists , hazard identification (HAZID) reviews, what-if reviews and SWIFT , hazard and operability studies (HAZOP), failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), etc. PHA methods are qualitative ...
The Dow Fire and Explosion Index is essentially a measure of inherent danger and is the most widely used quantification of inherent safety. [6] A more specific index of inherently safe design has been proposed by Heikkilä, [1] and variations of this have been published. [18] [19] [20] However all of these are much more complex than the Dow F ...
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Layers of protection analysis (LOPA) is a technique for evaluating the hazards, risks and layers of protection associated with a system, such as a chemical process plant. . In terms of complexity and rigour LOPA lies between qualitative techniques such as hazard and operability studies (HAZOP) and quantitative techniques such as fault trees and event trees.