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In applied mechanics, bending (also known as flexure) characterizes the behavior of a slender structural element subjected to an external load applied perpendicularly to a longitudinal axis of the element. The structural element is assumed to be such that at least one of its dimensions is a small fraction, typically 1/10 or less, of the other ...
A flexure is a flexible element (or combination of elements) engineered to be compliant in specific degrees of freedom. [1] Flexures are a design feature used by design engineers (usually mechanical engineers ) for providing adjustment or compliance in a design.
The flexural strength is stress at failure in bending. It is equal to or slightly larger than the failure stress in tension. Flexural strength, also known as modulus of rupture, or bend strength, or transverse rupture strength is a material property, defined as the stress in a material just before it yields in a flexure test. [1]
1940s flexural test machinery working on a sample of concrete Test fixture on universal testing machine for three-point flex test. The three-point bending flexural test provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain and the flexural stress–strain response of the material.
In the study of geology, lithospheric flexure affects the thin lithospheric plates covering the surface of the Earth when a load or force is applied to them. On a geological timescale, the lithosphere behaves elastically (in first approach) and can therefore bend under loading by mountain chains, volcanoes and other heavy objects.
The four-point bending test is therefore particularly suitable for brittle materials that cannot withstand shear stresses very well. It is one of the most widely used apparatus to characterize fatigue and flexural stiffness of asphalt mixtures.
In mechanics, the flexural modulus or bending modulus [1] is an intensive property that is computed as the ratio of stress to strain in flexural deformation, or the tendency for a material to resist bending.
Orientations of the line perpendicular to the mid-plane of a thick paperback book under bending.. The Timoshenko–Ehrenfest beam theory was developed by Stephen Timoshenko and Paul Ehrenfest [1] [2] [3] early in the 20th century.