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Left and right inguinal regions shown in lower part of diagram. In human anatomy, the groin, also known as the inguinal region or iliac region, [1] is the junctional area between the torso and the thigh. [2] The groin is at the front of the body on either side of the pubic tubercle, where the lower part of the abdominal wall meets the thigh.
An inguinal hernia or groin hernia is a hernia (protrusion) of abdominal cavity contents through the inguinal canal. Symptoms, which may include pain or discomfort especially with or following coughing, exercise, or bowel movements, are absent in about a third of patients. Symptoms often get worse throughout the day and improve when lying down.
Pain can increase during menstruation in women. [8] [9] [2] People with severe and disabling sacroiliac joint dysfunction can develop insomnia and depression. [10] Sacral rotation can be transmitted distally down the kinematic chain and, if left untreated over a long period of time, may lead to severe Achilles tendinitis. [11]
Groin hernias occur more often on the right than left side. [1] The main concern is bowel strangulation, where the blood supply to part of the bowel is blocked. [1] This usually produces severe pain and tenderness in the area. [1] Hiatus, or hiatal hernias often result in heartburn but may also cause chest pain or pain while eating. [3]
However, the surface anatomy of the point is disputed. In a recent study, [ 8 ] it was found to be in a region between the mid-inguinal point (situated midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis ) and the midpoint of the inguinal ligament (i.e. midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle ).
Pain is typically on one side or the other (unilateral PSIS pain), but the pain can occasionally be bilateral. When the pain of SIJ dysfunction is severe (which is infrequent), there can be referred pain into the hip, groin, and occasionally down the leg, but rarely does the pain radiate below the knee.
Magnetic resonance images of sacroiliac joints. Shown are T1-weighted semi-coronal magnetic resonance images through the sacroiliac joints (a) before and (b) after intravenous contrast injection. Enhancement is seen at the right sacroiliac joint (arrow, left side of image), indicating active sacroiliitis. This patient had psoriatic arthritis.
Pain is usually felt low down over the symphyseal joint, and this area may be extremely tender to the touch. Pain may also be felt in the hips, groin and lower abdomen and can radiate down the inner thighs. Women with PGP may begin to waddle or shuffle, and may be aware of an audible clicking sound coming from the pelvis.