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If one wants to extend the natural functional calculus for polynomials on the spectrum of an element of a Banach algebra to a functional calculus for continuous functions (()) on the spectrum, it seems obvious to approximate a continuous function by polynomials according to the Stone-Weierstrass theorem, to insert the element into these polynomials and to show that this sequence of elements ...
Intermediate value theorem: Let be a continuous function defined on [,] and let be a number with () < < ().Then there exists some between and such that () =.. In mathematical analysis, the intermediate value theorem states that if is a continuous function whose domain contains the interval [a, b], then it takes on any given value between () and () at some point within the interval.
So, if the open mapping theorem holds for ; i.e., is an open mapping, then is continuous and then is continuous (as the composition of continuous maps). For example, the above argument applies if is a linear operator between Banach spaces with closed graph, or if is a map with closed graph between compact Hausdorff spaces.
The space of complex-valued continuous functions on a compact Hausdorff space i.e. (,) is the canonical example of a unital commutative C*-algebra. The space X may be viewed as the space of pure states on , with the weak-* topology. Following the above cue, a non-commutative extension of the Stone–Weierstrass theorem, which remains unsolved ...
the sinc-function becomes a continuous function on all real numbers. The term removable singularity is used in such cases when (re)defining values of a function to coincide with the appropriate limits make a function continuous at specific points. A more involved construction of continuous functions is the function composition.
This result may fail for continuous functions F that admit a derivative f(x) at almost every point x, as the example of the Cantor function shows. However, if F is absolutely continuous, it admits a derivative F′(x) at almost every point x, and moreover F′ is integrable, with F(b) − F(a) equal to the integral of F′ on [a, b].
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