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Sometimes the term civil society is used in the more general sense of "the elements such as freedom of speech, an independent judiciary, etc, that make up a democratic society" (Collins English Dictionary). [3] Especially in the discussions among thinkers of Eastern and Central Europe, civil society is seen also as a normative concept of civic ...
A civil society organization (CSO) is a group of people that operates in the community in a way that is distinct from both government and business. [1] Please see: Civil society; Non-governmental organization; Social movement organization
Global civil society alliance CIVICUS began using the term regularly after the inception of the Civic Space Initiative in 2011, defining it as "the place, physical, virtual, and legal, where people exercise their rights to freedom of association, expression, and peaceful assembly. By forming associations, by speaking out on issues of public ...
Gemeinschaft (German pronunciation: [ɡəˈmaɪnʃaft] ⓘ) and Gesellschaft ([ɡəˈzɛlʃaft] ⓘ), generally translated as "community and society", are categories which were used by the German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies in order to categorize social relationships into two types. [1]
Volunteering is an important type of civic engagement. Pictured are volunteers cleaning up after the 2012 Hurricane Sandy.. Civic engagement or civic participation is any individual or group activity addressing issues of public concern. [1]
Adam Ferguson. An Essay on the History of Civil Society is a book by Scottish Enlightenment philosopher Adam Ferguson, first published in 1767. [1] The Essay established Ferguson's reputation in Britain and throughout Europe. [2]
Ethnic civil society organizations are formed between individuals with the same cultural or ethnic background in which collaboration is fostered to achieve a specific goal that benefits the group as a whole. An example of this is Palestinian NGO's within Israel. The Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel group is a prime example of an ethnic civil ...
A democracy is widely considered consolidated when several or all of the following conditions are met. Firstly, there must be a durability or permanence of democracy over time, including (but by no means limited to) adherence to democratic principles such as rule of law, independent judiciary, competitive and fair elections, and a developed civil society. [5]