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These materials clarified information previously published by the Department of Justice in a January 2009 Special Report entitled Stalking Victimization in the United States. This document clearly states that, out of the category of 3 or more stalkers, 41.2% or 185,050 such cases involved stalkers working together as a team or group.
California was the first state to criminalize stalking in the United States in 1990 [89] as a result of numerous high-profile stalking cases in California, including the 1982 attempted murder of actress Theresa Saldana, [90] the 1988 massacre by Richard Farley, [91] the 1989 murder of actress Rebecca Schaeffer, [92] and five Orange County ...
Street harassment is a form of harassment, primarily sexual harassment that consists of unwanted sexualised comments, provocative gestures, honking, wolf whistles, indecent exposures, stalking, persistent sexual advances, and touching by strangers, in public areas such as streets, shopping malls and public transportation. [1]
A few states have both stalking and harassment statutes that criminalize threatening and unwanted electronic communications. [46] The first anti-stalking law was enacted in California in 1990, and while all fifty states soon passed anti-stalking laws, by 2009 only 14 of them had laws specifically addressing "high-tech stalking."
A majority of states have laws that explicitly include electronic forms of communication within stalking or harassment laws. [10] [80] [81] Most law enforcement agencies have cyber–crime units, and Internet stalking is often treated with more seriousness than reports of physical stalking. [82] Help and resources can be searched by state or area.
Gang stalking or group-stalking is a set of persecutory beliefs in which those affected believe they are being followed, stalked, and harassed by a large number of people. [1] The term is associated with the virtual community formed by people who consider themselves " targeted individuals " (" T.I. "), claiming their lives are disrupted from ...
It becomes all about achieving the goal of a relationship. ORI occurs when people continue to believe that a relationship is attainable even though it is not. The pursuer begins to escalate when they meet challenges to their goal. RGPT identifies processes that conspire to transform otherwise normal relationships into ORI and stalking.
The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) of the U.S. Department of Justice is the principal federal agency responsible for measuring crime, criminal victimization, criminal offenders, victims of crime, correlates of crime, and the operation of criminal and civil justice systems at the federal, state, tribal, and local levels.