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PennHIP (an acronym for "University of Pennsylvania Hip Improvement Program") is a program which evaluates the quality of the hips in dogs. [1] The program was established at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine by Gail Smith [2] in 1993, with the primary objective of reducing the prevalence of hip dysplasia in dogs. [3]
The OFA was founded by John M. Olin in 1966, [3] after several of his dogs became affected by hip dysplasia.While initially focused on hip dysplasia, today the OFA has health databases on a wide range of diseases including: elbow dysplasia, patellar luxation, Legg–Calvé–Perthes, thyroid, cardiac, congenital deafness, sebaceous adenitis, and shoulder O.C.D.
Some registries, such as American Kennel Club, may include a record of the absence of certain genetic defects, known as a certification, in an individual dog's record. For example, the German Shepherd Dog national breed club in Germany recognizes that hip dysplasia is a genetic defect for dogs of this breed.
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The American Osteopathic Board of Orthopedic Surgery (AOBOS) is an organization that provides board certification to qualified Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) and non-osteopathic (MD and equivalent) physicians who specialize in the medical and surgical treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system (orthopedic surgeons).
Board certification is the process by which a physician, veterinarian, or other professional demonstrates a mastery of advanced knowledge and skills through written, oral, practical, or simulator-based testing.
Orthopedic diseases in dogs can be developmental, hereditary, traumatic, or degenerative. Because of the active nature of dogs, injuries happen frequently. One of the most common of these is an anterior cruciate ligament injury , a condition which often requires surgery.
In August 2005, the ABPS name was registered to AAPS. The ABPS implements certification functions under the direction of AAPS. AAPS (originally known as the American Association of Osteopathic Physicians) was founded in 1952 by Dr. E.O. Martin. [3] Since 1984, AAPS has provided a headquarters for medical specialty boards of certification.