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The largest use of palladium today is in catalytic converters. [41] Palladium is also used in jewelry, dentistry, [41] [42] watch making, blood sugar test strips, aircraft spark plugs, surgical instruments, and electrical contacts. [43] Palladium is also used to make some professional transverse (concert or classical) flutes. [44]
A three-way catalytic converter on a gasoline-powered 1996 Dodge Ram Simulation of flow inside a catalytic converter. A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device which converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction.
The catalytic converter is a device placed in the exhaust pipe, which converts hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and NO x into less harmful gases by using a combination of platinum, palladium and rhodium as catalysts. [16] There are two types of catalytic converter, a two-way and a three-way converter.
Palladium oxide is prepared by heating palladium sponge metal in oxygen at 350 °C. 2 Pd + O 2 → 2 PdO. The oxide is obtained as a black powder. The oxide also may be prepared specially for catalytic use by heating variously a mixture of palladium(II) chloride and potassium nitrate, 2 PdCl 2 + 4 KNO 3 → 2 PdO + 4 KCl + 4 NO 2 + O 2 ...
Palladium on carbon, often referred to as Pd/C, is a form of palladium used as a catalyst. [1] The metal is supported on activated carbon to maximize its surface area and activity . Uses
Naturally occurring platinum and platinum-rich alloys were known by pre-Columbian Americans for many years. [5] However, even though the metal was used by pre-Columbian peoples, the first European reference to platinum appears in 1557 in the writings of the Italian humanist Julius Caesar Scaliger (1484–1558) as a description of a mysterious metal found in Central American mines between ...
Palladium black is a coarse, sponge-like form of elemental palladium which offers a large surface area for catalytic activity. It is used in organic synthesis as a catalyst for hydrogenation reactions.
In catalytic converters used on automobiles, the combustion of leaded gasoline produces elemental lead, lead(II) oxide, lead(II) chloride, and lead(II) bromide. Lead alloys with the metals present in the catalyst, while lead oxides and halides coat the catalyst's surfaces, reducing the converter's ability to reduce NOx emissions.
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