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2. Vacuum induction melting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_induction_melting

   Edwin Fitch Northrup built the first prototype of a vacuum induction furnace in the United States of America in 1920. [citation needed] Medium frequency furnaces were seen soon afterwards in England and Sweden in 1927. [1] The process was initially developed to refine certain special metals such as cobalt and nickel. As these metals and alloys ...

3. Furnace (central heating) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnace_(central_heating)

   These furnaces were still big and bulky compared to modern furnaces, and had heavy-steel exteriors with bolt-on removable panels. Energy efficiency would range anywhere from just over 50% to upward of 65% AFUE. This style furnace still used large, masonry or brick chimneys for flues and was eventually designed to accommodate air-conditioning ...

4. Open-hearth furnace - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-hearth_furnace

   Open hearth furnace workers at the Zaporizhstal steel mill in Ukraine taking a steel sample, c. 2012 Tapping open-hearth furnace, VEB Rohrkombinat Riesa, East Germany, 1982. An open-hearth furnace or open hearth furnace is any of several kinds of industrial furnace in which excess carbon and other impurities are burnt out of pig iron to produce ...

5. Metallurgical furnace - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgical_furnace

   A metallurgical furnace, often simply referred to as a furnace when the context is known, is an industrial furnace used to heat, melt, or otherwise process metals. Furnaces have been a central piece of equipment throughout the history of metallurgy ; processing metals with heat is even its own engineering specialty known as pyrometallurgy .

6. Electric arc furnace - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_arc_furnace

   An electric arc furnace (EAF) is a furnace that heats material by means of an electric arc. Industrial arc furnaces range in size from small units of approximately one-tonne capacity (used in foundries for producing cast iron products) up to about 400-tonne units used for secondary steelmaking.

7. Cupola furnace - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupola_furnace

   During the Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD), most, if not all, iron smelted in the blast furnace was remelted in a cupola furnace; it was designed so that a cold blast injected at the bottom traveled through tuyere pipes across the top where the charge (i.e. of charcoal and scrap or pig iron) was dumped, the air becoming a hot blast before ...