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  2. Amniocentesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amniocentesis

    Amniocentesis performed for the purpose of prenatal diagnostic testing for genetic disorders has been established as a safe and accurate procedure. [5] The risks and complications associated with amniocentesis include pregnancy loss, preterm labor and delivery, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), fetal injuries, Rhesus disease , and ...

  3. Amniotic fluid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amniotic_fluid

    Amniotic fluid is removed from the mother by an amniocentesis procedure, where a long needle is inserted through the abdomen into the amniotic sac, using ultrasound guidance such that the fetus is not harmed. Amniocentesis is a low risk procedure, with risk of pregnancy loss between 1 in 1,500 – 1 in 700 procedures.

  4. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preimplantation_genetic...

    Once the DNA was isolated it was used for preimplantation genetic testing. The results showed that when both methods (blastocyst fluid and embryo spent media) were used in combination, they showed a cordance rate for the whole chromosome copy of 87.5% when compared to the trophectoderm, 96.4% when compared to the whole blastocyst (gold standard).

  5. Prenatal sex discernment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_sex_discernment

    It provides the earliest post-implantation test. A meta-analysis published in 2011 found that such tests are reliable more than 98% of the time, as long as they are taken after the seventh week of pregnancy. [1] [2] Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis are two rather invasive testing procedures. These may, in principle, be ...

  6. Prenatal testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_testing

    Requires a maternal blood draw. Based on DNA of fetal origin circulating in the maternal blood. Testing can potentially identify fetal aneuploidy [55] (available in the United States, beginning 2011) and gender of a fetus as early as six weeks into a pregnancy. Fetal DNA ranges from about 2–10% of the total DNA in maternal blood.

  7. Nucleic acid thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_thermodynamics

    Nucleic acid thermodynamics is the study of how temperature affects the nucleic acid structure of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The melting temperature (T m) is defined as the temperature at which half of the DNA strands are in the random coil or single-stranded (ssDNA) state. T m depends on the length of the DNA molecule and its specific ...

  8. Testing Women, Testing the Fetus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testing_Women,_Testing_the...

    Testing Women, Testing the Fetus by Rayna Rapp is a book, published in 1999, about analysis of the social repercussions of prenatal genetic testing.Rapp combines the data she collected herself with historical context of amniocentesis and genetic counseling to argue that amniocentesis and those abortions following positive test results is a social decision as much as an individual one.

  9. Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percutaneous_umbilical...

    PUBS provides a means of rapid chromosome analysis and is useful when information cannot be obtained through amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, or ultrasound (or if the results of these tests were inconclusive); this test carries a significant risk of complication and is typically reserved for pregnancies determined to be at high risk ...