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The two types of language codes are the elaborated code and the restricted code. The restricted code is suitable for insiders who share assumptions and understanding on the topic, whereas the elaborated code does not assume that the listener shares these assumptions or understandings, and thus elaborated code is more explicit, more thorough, and does not require the listener to read between ...
The theory holds that a code-switching speaker alternates between the matrix language (ML) and an embedded language (EL). The ML is the more active and more frequently-used language, which restricts the use of the EL. It is common, though not necessary, for the ML to correspond with the unmarked choice in a typical interaction. [2]
Sociolinguistics is the descriptive study of the interaction between society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context and language and the ways it is used. It can overlap with the sociology of language, which focuses on the effect of language on society.
People are affected all the time by other speech codes and may even be involved with multiple codes at the same time. 3. The substance of speech codes (A speech code has a distinctive psychology, sociology and rhetoric.) Psychology. According to Philipsen, "every speech code "thematizes" the nature of individuals in a particular way." Sociology.
Situational code-switching is the tendency in a speech community to use different languages or language varieties in different social situations, or to switch linguistic structures in order to change an established social setting. Some languages are viewed as more suited for a particular social group, setting, or topic more so than others.
Code switching is "the process whereby bilingual or bidialectal speakers switch back and forth between one language or dialect and another within the same conversation". [ 9 ] : 23 Diglossia , associated with the American linguist Charles A. Ferguson , which describes a sociolinguistic situation such as those that obtain in Arabic-speaking ...
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The concept of elaborated and restricted codes was introduced by sociologist Basil Bernstein in his book Class, Codes and Control. The use of an elaborated code indicates that the speaker and listener do not share significant amounts of common knowledge, and hence they may need to "spell out" their ideas more fully: elaborated codes tend to be ...