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  2. Mutability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutability

    The principle of mutability is the notion that any physical property which appears to follow a conservation law may undergo some physical process that violates its conservation. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] John Archibald Wheeler offered this speculative principle after Stephen Hawking predicted the evaporation of black holes which violates baryon number ...

  3. Point accepted mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_accepted_mutation

    In addition to these counts, data on the mutability and the frequency of the amino acids was obtained. [6] [7] The mutability of an amino acid is the ratio of the number of mutations it is involved in and the number of times it occurs in an alignment. [7] Mutability measures how likely an amino acid is to mutate acceptably.

  4. Mutationism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutationism

    In the theory, mutation was the source of novelty, creating new forms and new species, potentially instantaneously, [1] in sudden jumps. [2] This was envisaged as driving evolution, which was thought to be limited by the supply of mutations.

  5. Mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation

    A newer theory suggests that the selective pressure on the CCR5 Delta 32 mutation was caused by smallpox instead of the bubonic plague. [ 116 ] Malaria resistance : An example of a harmful mutation is sickle-cell disease , a blood disorder in which the body produces an abnormal type of the oxygen-carrying substance haemoglobin in the red blood ...

  6. Transmutation of species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmutation_of_species

    The French Transformisme was a term used by Jean Baptiste Lamarck in 1809 for his theory, and other 18th and 19th century proponents of pre-Darwinian evolutionary ideas included Denis Diderot, Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Erasmus Darwin, Robert Grant, and Robert Chambers, the anonymous author of the book Vestiges of the Natural History of ...

  7. Mutation accumulation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation_accumulation_theory

    Older man from Faridabad, Haryana, India. The mutation accumulation theory of aging was first proposed by Peter Medawar in 1952 as an evolutionary explanation for biological aging and the associated decline in fitness that accompanies it. [1] Medawar used the term 'senescence' to refer to this process.

  8. Sequence homology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_homology

    Top: An ancestral gene duplicates to produce two paralogs (Genes A and B). A speciation event produces orthologs in the two daughter species. Bottom: in a separate species, an unrelated gene has a similar function (Gene C) but has a separate evolutionary origin and so is an analog.

  9. Mutation testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation_testing

    Most of this article is about "program mutation", in which the program is modified. A more general definition of mutation analysis is using well-defined rules defined on syntactic structures to make systematic changes to software artifacts. [4]