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2. Bacterial transcription - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_transcription

   Overall, transcription within bacteria is a highly regulated process that is controlled by the integration of many signals at a given time. Bacteria heavily rely on transcription and translation to generate proteins that help them respond specifically to their environment. [4]

3. Central dogma of molecular biology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_dogma_of_molecular...

   Transcription is the process by which the information contained in a section of DNA is replicated in the form of a newly assembled piece of messenger RNA (mRNA). Enzymes facilitating the process include RNA polymerase and transcription factors. In eukaryotic cells the primary transcript is pre-mRNA. Pre-mRNA must be processed for translation to ...

4. Translation (biology) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_(biology)

   The transcription-translation process description, mentioning only the most basic "elementary" processes, consists of: production of mRNA molecules (including splicing), initiation of these molecules with help of initiation factors (e.g., the initiation can include the circularization step though it is not universally required),

5. Bacterial translation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_translation

   Initiation of translation in bacteria involves the assembly of the components of the translation system, which are: the two ribosomal subunits (50S and 30S subunits); the mature mRNA to be translated; the tRNA charged with N-formylmethionine (the first amino acid in the nascent peptide); guanosine triphosphate (GTP) as a source of energy, and the three prokaryotic initiation factors IF1, IF2 ...

6. Protein biosynthesis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_biosynthesis

   Protein synthesis can be divided broadly into two phases: transcription and translation. During transcription, a section of DNA encoding a protein, known as a gene, is converted into a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA). This conversion is carried out by enzymes, known as RNA polymerases, in the nucleus of the cell. [2]

7. Eukaryotic transcription - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_transcription

   A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus that separates the processes of transcription and translation. Eukaryotic transcription occurs within the nucleus where DNA is packaged into nucleosomes and higher order chromatin structures. The complexity of the eukaryotic genome necessitates a great variety and complexity of gene expression control. Eukaryotic ...

8. Translation regulation by 5′ transcript leader cis-elements

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_regulation_by_5...

   Alterations in translation of mRNA into proteins rapidly modulates the proteome without changing upstream steps such as transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, and nuclear export. [1] The strict regulation of translation in both space and time is in part governed by cis-regulatory elements located in 5′ mRNA transcript leaders (TLs) and 3 ...

9. Eukaryotic translation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_translation

   Eukaryotic translation is the biological process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in eukaryotes. It consists of four phases: initiation, elongation, termination, and recapping. It consists of four phases: initiation, elongation, termination, and recapping.