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In computer networking, the maximum transmission unit (MTU) is the size of the largest protocol data unit (PDU) that can be communicated in a single network layer transaction. [ 1 ] : 25 The MTU relates to, but is not identical to the maximum frame size that can be transported on the data link layer , e.g., Ethernet frame .
Path MTU Discovery (PMTUD) is a standardized technique in computer networking for determining the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size on the network path between two Internet Protocol (IP) hosts, usually with the goal of avoiding IP fragmentation. PMTUD was originally intended for routers in Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4). [1]
The packet transmission time in seconds can be obtained from the packet size in bit and the bit rate in bit/s as: Packet transmission time = Packet size / Bit rate. Example: Assuming 100 Mbit/s Ethernet, and the maximum packet size of 1526 bytes, results in Maximum packet transmission time = 1526×8 bit / (100 × 10 6 bit/s) ≈ 122 μs
A typical method of performing a measurement is to transfer a 'large' file from one system to another system and measure the time required to complete the transfer or copy of the file. The throughput is then calculated by dividing the file size by the time to get the throughput in megabits, kilobits, or bits per second.
The SDU and metadata added by the lower layer can be larger than the maximum size of that layer's PDU (known as the maximum transmission unit; MTU). When this is the case, the PDU must be split into multiple payloads of a size suitable for transmission or processing by the lower layer; a process known as IP fragmentation.
An example of the fragmentation of a protocol data unit in a given layer into smaller fragments. IP fragmentation is an Internet Protocol (IP) process that breaks packets into smaller pieces (fragments), so that the resulting pieces can pass through a link with a smaller maximum transmission unit (MTU) than the original packet size.
The maximum segment size (MSS) is a parameter of the Options field of the TCP header that specifies the largest amount of data, specified in bytes, that a computer or communications device can receive in a single TCP segment. It does not count the TCP header or the IP header (unlike, for example, the MTU for IP datagrams).
Maximum transmission unit, the size of the largest packet that a network protocol can transmit Metric ton unit , in metals trading Mobile Testing Unit, for COVID-19 in England, by NHS Test and Trace