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A rune in Old English could be called a rūnstæf (perhaps meaning something along the lines of "mystery letter" or "whisper letter"), or simply rūn. Futhorc inscriptions hold diverse styles and contents. Ochre has been detected on at least one English runestone, implying its runes were once painted.
Some write this:", followed by "either for horse or men, a blood-stauncher". While the charm is "magical gibberish", there are a number of elements that can clearly be identified as Irish: struth fola corresponds to Old Irish sruth fola "stream of blood". Arȝrenn, ær grim, etc. may be for ær greann "for irritation".
The Järsberg Runestone is from the 6th century and contains the statement: ek erilaz.. Erilaz or Erilaʀ is a Migration period Proto-Norse word attested on various Elder Futhark inscriptions, which has often been interpreted to mean "magician" or "rune master", [1] i.e., one who is capable of writing runes to magical effect.
The sundry runic scripts were well understood by the 19th century, when their analysis became an integral part of the Germanic philology and historical linguistics. Wilhelm Grimm published his Über deutsche Runen in 1821, where among other things he dwelt upon the " Marcomannic runes " (chapter 18, pp. 149–159).
The Uthark theory about the runes holds that the rune row is a cipher, and that one can understand its meaning by placing the first rune, "F", last, resulting in an ”Uthark” instead of the traditional "Futhark" order. [1] It originated in the 1930s with the work of philologist Sigurd Agrell (1881–1937), a professor at Lund University, Sweden.
The runes are written from right to left with the orientation of the runes going in the same direction, but the last words outside the runic band have the usual left-right orientation. [9] It can be dated to the first half of the 11th century because of its use of the ansuz rune for the a and æ phonemes, and because of its lack of dotted runes ...
[2] Smjörhnútur: Butterknot, to find out if butter was made using milk stolen by a Tilberi. [9] Stafur gegn galdri: Staves against witchcraft. [10] Stafur til að vekja upp draug: To raise the dead and drive away evil spirits. [2] Þjófastafur: For use against thieves. [11] Tóustefna: To ward off foxes. [12] Varnarstafur Valdemars
Armanen runes and their transcriptions. Armanen runes (or Armanen Futharkh) are 18 pseudo-runes, inspired by the historic Younger Futhark runes, invented by Austrian mysticist and Germanic revivalist Guido von List during a state of temporary blindness in 1902, and described in his Das Geheimnis der Runen ("The Secret of the Runes"), published as a periodical article in 1906, and as a ...