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While hakama used to be a required part of menswear, nowadays typical Japanese men usually wear hakama only on extremely formal occasions and at tea ceremonies, weddings, and funerals. Hakama are also regularly worn by practitioners of a variety of martial arts, such as kendo, iaido, taidō, aikido, jōdō, ryū-te, and kyūdō.
A hakama is typically pleated at the waist and fastened by waist ties over the obi. Shorter kimono may be worn underneath the hakama for ease of movement. Hakama are worn in several budō arts such as aikido, kendo, iaidō and naginata. They are also worn by Miko in Shinto shrines. See also mo-bakama . Hakama boots (袴ブーツ)
The term "suikan hakama" is also used to refer to the long hakama worn with the Suikan, although the exact meaning of this term is somewhat debated. [4] It is considered a quite formal form of clothing. [3] It features very large sleeves that attach to the shoulders for a short distance. The garment is made from one very wide fabric panel.
Formal hakama (trousers) became longer than the legs and also trailed behind the wearer. [19] Men's formal dress included agekubi collars and very wide sleeves. [10] The concept of the hidden body remained, with ideologies suggesting that the clothes served as "protection from the evil spirits and outward manifestation of a social rank".
Collection of 119 pieces of mountain hakama (yama-bakama) and other work clothes including 42 tachitsuke pants, 50 monpe women's work pants, 14 trousers of karusan style and 13 others. Miyamoto Memorial Foundation (宮本記念財団), Tokyo: Kiyose uchiori (清瀬のうちおり, kiyose no uchiori) 1.1, 2.2, 2.3
Heian ladies commonly slept in the innermost layers of their jūnihitoe, the hakama and kosode, using them as a form of pajamas. Layers could be shed or kept, depending on the season and the nighttime temperatures. By the Muromachi period, however, the number of layers of the dress had reduced considerably.
The "styles of that time" meant tight sleeves and narrow hakama, and so the order implied that Western-style dress, complying to these standards, had much in common with the essential garb of the Japanese themselves. Calling back to the spirit of Jimmu's legendary founding of the country, it appealed for the creation of a new uniform.
Bankara students in 1949, wearing hakama and uniform caps. The majority of Japan's junior high and high schools require students to wear uniforms. The Japanese school uniform is not only a symbol of youth but also plays an important role in the country's culture, as they are felt to help instill a sense of discipline and community among youth.