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Image of CD4 co-receptor binding to MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) non-polymorphic region. In molecular biology, CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) is a glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T-cell receptor (TCR). CD4 is found on the surface of immune cells such as helper T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
A congenital disorder of glycosylation (previously called carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome) is one of several rare inborn errors of metabolism in which glycosylation of a variety of tissue proteins and/or lipids is deficient or defective. Congenital disorders of glycosylation are sometimes known as CDG syndromes.
The depletion of CD4 T cells and the development of chronic inflammation are signature processes in HIV pathogenesis that propel progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). CD4 T cell depleted to the cell count of less than 200cell/μL in blood during AIDS allows various pathogens to escape T cell recognition, thus allowing ...
In lymphocyte populations, the co-receptor CD4 is found on helper T cells and the co-receptor CD8 is found on cytotoxic T cells. CD4 has four Ig domains in its extracellular portion and functions as a monomer. CD8, in contrast, functions as a dimer with either two identical alpha chains or, more typically, with an alpha and beta chain.
Patients with tuberculosis show a reduced CD4 + /CD8 + ratio. [9] HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4 + T cells (lowering the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio) through a number of mechanisms, including killing of infected CD4 +. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is (by one definition) a CD4 + T cell count below 200 cells per μL.
As well as being involved in forming a complex with MHC-II with TCR to control T-cell fate, the CD4 receptor is infamously the primary receptor that HIV envelope glycoprotein GP120 binds to. [6] In comparison, CD28 acts as a ‘co-coreceptor’ (costimulatory receptor) for the MHC-II binding with TCR and CD4. CD28 increases the IL-2 secretion ...
Idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a rare medical syndrome in which the body has too few CD4 + T lymphocytes, which are a kind of white blood cell. [2] ICL is sometimes characterized as "HIV-negative AIDS", though, in fact, its clinical presentation differs somewhat from that seen with HIV/AIDS. [ 3 ]
The Glycoprotein Ib/V/IX complex is essential for normal haemostasis; deficiency results in Bernard-Soulier Syndrome, a syndrome of thrombocytopenia and giant platelets. CD42a: Platelet glycoprotein IX (GPIX) encoded by the GP9 gene. CD42b: Platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain encoded by the GP1BA gene. CD42c