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Two years later, he supervised a press demonstration at the laboratory of a sound-film system of either this or a later design. [ 108 ] In 1913, Edison finally introduced the new Kinetophone—like all of his sound-film exhibition systems since the first in the mid-1890s, it used a cylinder phonograph, now connected to a Projecting Kinetoscope ...
Spirograph is a geometric drawing device that produces mathematical roulette curves of the variety technically known as hypotrochoids and epitrochoids.The well-known toy version was developed by British engineer Denys Fisher and first sold in 1965.
A later change was the addition of an electrically controlled clamp to hold the pens, which allowed them to be changed, and thus create multi-colored output. Hewlett Packard and Tektronix produced small, desktop-sized flatbed plotters in the late 1960s and 1970s. The pens were mounted on a traveling bar, whereby the y-axis was represented by ...
Drafting pantograph in use Pantograph used for scaling a picture. The red shape is traced and enlarged. Pantograph 3d rendering. A pantograph (from Greek παντ- 'all, every' and γραφ- 'to write', from their original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one pen, in tracing an image, produces identical ...
A camera lucida is an optical device used as a drawing aid by artists and microscopists. It projects an optical superimposition of the subject being viewed onto the surface upon which the artist is drawing. The artist sees both scene and drawing surface simultaneously, as in a photographic double exposure.
Various scales and the protractor are used to measure the lengths of lines and angles, allowing accurate scale drawing to be carried out. The compass is used to draw arcs and circles. A drawing board was used to hold the drawing media in place; later boards included drafting machines that sped the layout of straight lines and angles.
The drawings created typically are Lissajous curves or related drawings of greater complexity. The devices, which began to appear in the mid-19th century and peaked in popularity in the 1890s, cannot be conclusively attributed to a single person, although Hugh Blackburn , a professor of mathematics at the University of Glasgow , is commonly ...
Pantograph, manual device for making drawn copies without tracing, can also enlarge or reduce; Printmaking, which includes engraving and etching. Relief printing including woodcut; Intaglio (printmaking) or copperplate engraving; Planographic printing; Line engraving; 1917 office with a "Multigraph" duplicating machine at lower right. Printing ...