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Mīmāṃsā (), also romanized Mimansa [16] or Mimamsa, [3] means "reflection, consideration, profound thought, investigation, examination, discussion" in Sanskrit. [17]It also refers to the "examination of the Vedic text" [17] and to a school of Hindu philosophy that is also known as Pūrva Mīmāṃsā ("prior" inquiry, also Karma-Mīmāṃsā), in contrast to Uttara Mīmāṃsā ...
The first verse of the Mimamsa Sutras states that the text's purpose is an inquiry into dharma. [4] The text establishes that dharma cannot be known through perception. Teachings of dharma without basis in the Vedas, such as of the Buddha and Jina, are based on perception. Therefore, they are not valid teachings of dharma, Jaimini reasons. [4]
Jaimini's Mimamsa is eminently ritualist (karma-kanda) in comparison to the metaphysical focus on knowledge of the Self and Brahman of the Vedanta philosophy. [ 3 ] [ 10 ] His Mimamsa Sutra was commented upon by many, of which Śābara was among the earliest.
Hermeneutics was initially applied to the interpretation, or exegesis, of scripture, and has been later broadened to questions of general interpretation. [9] The terms hermeneutics and exegesis are sometimes used interchangeably. Hermeneutics is a wider discipline which includes written, verbal, and nonverbal [7] [8] communication.
The Mimamsa school of Hindu philosophy developed textual hermeneutics, theories on language and interpretation of Dharma, ideas which contributed to the Dharmasutras and Dharmasastras. [119] The Vedanga fields of grammar and linguistics – Vyakarana and Nirukta – were the other significant contributors to the Dharma-text genre. [119]
An atheistic school that supported external Vedic sacrifices and rituals, its Mimamsa Sutra contains twelve chapters with nearly 2700 sutras. [48] Dharma-sutras – of Āpastamba, Gautama, Baudhāyana, and Vāsiṣṭha; Artha-sutras – the Niti Sutras of Chanakya and Somadeva are treatises on governance, law, economics, and politics.
The Mīmāṃsā(Sanskrit: मीमांसा) school emphasises religious hermeneutics and exegesis. [103] [104] It is a form of philosophical realism. [105] Key texts of the Mīmāṃsā school are the Purva Mimamsa Sutras of Jaimini.
[5] [6] [7] (though there are exceptions to the latter two: Mimamsa and Samkhya respectively). There are six major (āstika) schools of Vedic philosophy—Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mīmāṃsā and Vedanta—and five major non-Vedic or heterodox (nāstika or sramanic) schools—Jain, Buddhist, Ajivika, Ajñana, and Charvaka.