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The reward system (the mesocorticolimbic circuit) is a group of neural structures responsible for incentive salience (i.e., "wanting"; desire or craving for a reward and motivation), associative learning (primarily positive reinforcement and classical conditioning), and positively-valenced emotions, particularly ones involving pleasure as a core component (e.g., joy, euphoria and ecstasy).
Once the child chose, the experimenter explained that the child could either continue to wait for the more preferred reward until the experimenter returned, or the child could stop waiting by bringing back the experimenter. If the child stopped waiting then the child would receive the less preferred reward and forgo the more preferred one.
For some time, systems derived from token economies were used under the name contingency management; initially this was more broadly defined and referred to any direct coupling of consequences (reinforcements or punishments) with behavior (for example staying clean [20] [21]); later it referred specifically to one kind of token economy.
This regulation is enforced via a motivational-behaviour system, motivating both infant and caregiver to seek proximity. [6] Specifically, caregiving is regulated by behavioural processes complementary to the infant’s proximity-seeking, e.g. the baby smiles, the adult feels reward as a result. [4]
Targeted stimulation activates the reward system circuitry and establishes response habits similar to those established by natural rewards, such as food and sex. [1] Experiments on BSR soon demonstrated that stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus , along with other regions of the brain associated with natural reward, was both rewarding as well ...
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Delaying gratification is the same as controlling the impulse for immediate gratification, which requires cognitive control. The ventral striatum, located in the midbrain, is the part of the limbic system that is the reward center [29] as well as a pleasure center. [30] The limbic system will always react to the potential for instant pleasure. [30]
The brain's reward system assigns it incentive salience (i.e., it is "wanted" or "desired"), [31] [32] [33] so as an addiction develops, deprivation of the drug leads to craving. In addition, stimuli associated with drug use – e.g., the sight of a syringe, and the location of use – become associated with the intense reinforcement induced by ...