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William Nicholson (13 December 1753 – 21 May 1815) was an English writer, translator, publisher, scientist, inventor, patent agent and civil engineer. He launched the first monthly scientific journal in Britain, Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts , in 1797, and remained its editor until 1814.
1809 – Thomas Forster observes with a theodolite the drift of small free pilot balloons filled with "inflammable gas". [3] [4] [5] 1809 – Gay-Lussac's law, a gas law relating temperature and pressure. 1811 – Avogadro's law, a gas law relating volume and amount of substance. 1819 – Edward Daniel Clarke invents the hydrogen gas blowpipe.
In 1800, he and William Nicholson discovered electrolysis by passing a voltaic current through water, decomposing it into its constituent elements of hydrogen and oxygen. [3] He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1804. [4] He was Professor of Anatomy of the Society from 1808 to 1824.
Scheme of Ritter's apparatus to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis. In 1800, English chemists William Nicholson and Johann Wilhelm Ritter succeeded in separating water into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis. Soon thereafter, Ritter discovered the process of electroplating.
Possibly partly because of this competition, William Nicholson ended the journal. By some accounts Nicholson's journal simply ceased, and by others it merged in 1814 with the Philosophical Magazine to form The Philosophical Magazine and Journal. The "Advertisement", dated 31 December 1813, at the start of Volume 42 of The Philosophical Magazine.
Salva's electrolyte telegraph system was very innovative though it was greatly influenced by and based upon two discoveries made in Europe in 1800—Alessandro Volta's electric battery for generating an electric current and William Nicholson and Anthony Carlyle's electrolysis of water. [4]
Sir William Nicholson (artist) (1872–1949), English painter and engraver; William Nicholson (journalist) (1877–1957), New Zealand clerk, local politician, builder, journalist and editor; Willie Nicholson (fl. 1924–1936), Scottish footballer; William L. Nicholson (1926–2020), U.S. Air Force general; William Nicholson (sound engineer ...
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